Accelerated World History AUGUST 27, 2015

Warm-Up: August 27, 2015 The most sacred writings of the Jewish religion are the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, known as the A.Torah. B.Old Testament. C.Ten Commandments. D.Ark of the Covenant.

Agenda ◦Warm Up ◦Chinese River Valley ◦Judaism Religion ◦SPRITE ◦Chapter 2, Section 3 & 4 Guided Reading/Chapter 3, Section 1 & 2 Guided Reading Don’t forget! ◦Reading – Chapter 2 (Guided Reading due Friday, August 28th)

Essential Question Why do we study religion?

Chinese River Valley

Lasting Contributions ■ Government: – China was also ruled by the ethical system, Confucianism – Confucianism focused on filial piety (respect for elders) – Confucius taught social order through 5 key relationships: 1) ruler-subject 2) father-son 3) husband-wife 4) brother- brother & 5) friend-friend – These ideas were written down in The Analects

Confucian Analects Confucius says: Do not do unto others, what you would not want others to do to you Confucius says: If you make a mistake and do not correct it, this is called a mistake Confucius says: He who rules through virtue may be compared to the north polar star, which keeps its place and all the stars turn towards it

Confucius would tell rulers to “Lead by example”

Yin and Yang Daoism – people gain happiness & peace by living in agreement with the way of nature. True harmony comes from balance. Yin = shaded, Yang = sunlit. Good v. Bad Beauty v. Ugliness Pleasure v. Pain

Laozi says... “Governing a large country is like frying a small fish. You spoil it with too much poking.” or “Be weak. Let things alone.”

Legalism Philosophy advocating the need for clear and strict laws as necessary to control human nature

Legalism in Action Civil servants – punished for doing a poor job. People caught criticizing the govt. should be banished. For example... Anyone caught outside his own village without a travel permit should have their ears or nose chopped off.

Set clear laws and harshly punish those who disobey them.”

Lasting Contributions Religion: ◦Chinese believed in ancestor worship, that the spirits of family ancestors should be honored & consulted

Lasting Contributions Writing: ◦Chinese characters stood for words but the 10,000 characters made it hard to learn to write

Lasting Contributions Technology: ◦Cast iron tools & weapons ◦Standardized coins ◦The Grand Canal connected north & south China

The Great Wall was built to protect China from invasions from the North

1,10,10

Origins of Judaism

History The ancient Israelites (Hebrews or Jews) were nomadic people who migrated from Mesopotamia to Canaan (present-day Israel & Lebanon) around 2000 BCE.

MESOPOTAMIA

History Almost everything we know about the Israelites is based on the Hebrew Bible. Hebrew Bible = Old Testament of the Christian Bible. The first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible are know as the Torah, which is comprised of stories about the ancient Israelites and descriptions of Hebrew law.

Beliefs The Israelites were the founders of Judaism, one of the 1st monotheistic religions. Most other people of the time practiced polytheistic religions. The Israelites believed their God was all powerful and the creator.

Beliefs Judaism teaches that a person serves God by studying the Torah and living by its teachings. The Star of David, is the universal symbol Judaism.

Worship Practices Jews worship in a synagogue or temple. Usually they are built so that the congregation faces towards Jerusalem during worship. An ark, or cabinet, at the front of the synagogue contains the scroll of the Torah.

Worship Practices A lamp called the eternal light hangs before the ark, symbolizing the eternal presence of God. A rabbi (“teacher”) leads prayers and reads passages of the Hebrew Bible or Torah during the service. He or she will also deliver the sermon.

Ritual Some Jews follow strict dietary laws based on passages from the Hebrew Bible. These laws establish what is kosher, or acceptable for Jews to eat. Animals that are considered unclean, like pigs & shellfish, are forbidden.

River Valley SPRITE

Guided Reading