The Process That Made America Great The Process That Made America Great

The term manufacturing comes from the Latin term:

Play Video Segment 1 The Range of Manufacturing

The Rise of Manufacturing Centuries ago, all products were made by hand. In fact, families themselves used to make most of the products they needed. Centuries ago, all products were made by hand. In fact, families themselves used to make most of the products they needed. They grew their own food, built their own homes, made their own clothes, tools and other necessities in order to survive. They grew their own food, built their own homes, made their own clothes, tools and other necessities in order to survive. This left very little “free time” because they had to work from sun-up to sun down just to survive. Life was hard. This left very little “free time” because they had to work from sun-up to sun down just to survive. Life was hard. Centuries ago, all products were made by hand. In fact, families themselves used to make most of the products they needed. Centuries ago, all products were made by hand. In fact, families themselves used to make most of the products they needed. They grew their own food, built their own homes, made their own clothes, tools and other necessities in order to survive. They grew their own food, built their own homes, made their own clothes, tools and other necessities in order to survive. This left very little “free time” because they had to work from sun-up to sun down just to survive. Life was hard. This left very little “free time” because they had to work from sun-up to sun down just to survive. Life was hard.

1. What does manufacturing mean? A. Changing materials into usable products in a workshop or factory B. Made by hand C. Both A and B D. None of the above

2. Which statement is true? A. Before the 1800’s products were made using robotics. B. Before the 1800’s the majority of products were manufactured in factories. C. Before the 1800’s virtually all products were made by hand D. None of these are true.

The Rise of Manufacturing As time passed, some people became very skilled at making certain things. These people used their specialized skills to make products for other people. As time passed, some people became very skilled at making certain things. These people used their specialized skills to make products for other people. A person who mastered making things out of metal might make these products for the entire community and trade them for other products made by other people. A person who mastered making things out of metal might make these products for the entire community and trade them for other products made by other people. This was called the “Barter System” This was called the “Barter System” As time passed, some people became very skilled at making certain things. These people used their specialized skills to make products for other people. As time passed, some people became very skilled at making certain things. These people used their specialized skills to make products for other people. A person who mastered making things out of metal might make these products for the entire community and trade them for other products made by other people. A person who mastered making things out of metal might make these products for the entire community and trade them for other products made by other people. This was called the “Barter System” This was called the “Barter System”

Play Video Segment 2 First Manufacturing

3. The barter system was… A. The importing of goods from other countries B. The exchange excess goods from a family for goods from another C. The sale of goods to a store D. None of the above

4. The mercantile system was… A. The importing of goods from other countries B. The exchange excess goods from a family for goods from another C. The sale of goods to a merchant who sold them through a store. D. None of the above

5. The first form of manufacturing was used in… A. Tool making B. Shoe making C. The production line D. The ford automobile

The Rise of Manufacturing Making products by hand was inefficient. A lot of time and money were required to make each item and no two items were identical. Making products by hand was inefficient. A lot of time and money were required to make each item and no two items were identical. This method was used well into the 1700’s. This method was used well into the 1700’s. The world population like the colonies was growing fast. More and more people with more and more needs and wants called for new ideas. The world population like the colonies was growing fast. More and more people with more and more needs and wants called for new ideas. Making products by hand was inefficient. A lot of time and money were required to make each item and no two items were identical. Making products by hand was inefficient. A lot of time and money were required to make each item and no two items were identical. This method was used well into the 1700’s. This method was used well into the 1700’s. The world population like the colonies was growing fast. More and more people with more and more needs and wants called for new ideas. The world population like the colonies was growing fast. More and more people with more and more needs and wants called for new ideas.

People continued to develop more efficient methods of making products. In the late 1700’s some significant changes took place in a time period called…..

What Started the Industrial Revolution? James Watt 1769 In England Why was that a “Big Deal”?

Before the Steam Engine The Sources of Power Were: Man/Woman Man/Woman Animal Animal Water Water Fire Fire Wind Wind

The Steam Engine had advantages over those five power sources… Man/Women get bored, have to rest, have families that get sick, have to eat. Man/Women get bored, have to rest, have families that get sick, have to eat. Animals can’t work 24 hrs either. Their up-keep is an additional expense. Animals can’t work 24 hrs either. Their up-keep is an additional expense. Water – there can be a drought or a flood. Relies on a down stream flow. Water – there can be a drought or a flood. Relies on a down stream flow. Wind isn’t predictable or dependable. Wind isn’t predictable or dependable. Fire Fire The Steam Engine can go 24hrs a day. The only thing the Steam Engine needs is coal/wood and water. A steam powered boat can go up stream. Uses water but not as much Steam Engine is dependable 24/7 Steam Engine relies on fire but not as much fuel to make it.

Before the Steam Engine, early factories had to be located on the banks of rivers Before the Steam Engine, early factories had to be located on the banks of rivers. Afterwards factories no longer had to be built near rivers. They could be closer to the source of raw materials. Costs were lowered because manufacturers no longer had to pay for transporting raw materials over long distances.

6. The Englishman credited for starting the Industrial Revolution in 1769 with his invention of the steam engine was….. A. Henry Ford. B. Albert Einstein. C. George Washington. D. James Watt.

7. What was the advantage of using the steam engine in manufacturing? A. The power supplied by the steam engine was available 24 hours a day. B. The steam engine replaced horses as the source of power. C. Products contained less defects. D. All of these.

8. What factors played a key role in the start of the industrial revolution? A. New manufacturing machines were being invented. B. A new power source (steam) was introduced. C. Products were beginning to be made in factories. D. All of these.

9. Which of these is not a source of power? A. Wind B. Human C. Water D. Wheel

10. Before the steam engine where were most factories built? A. In a big city. B. Next to a river or stream. C. On a lake. D. In the mountains.

How Would You Like This Job…? The earliest steam engine was operated by controlling two valves. Someone had to open and close each valve by hand continually to keep the engine running. The earliest steam engine was operated by controlling two valves. Someone had to open and close each valve by hand continually to keep the engine running. A boy named Humphrey Potter (no relation to Harry) grew bored doing this. He devised a method where the action of the engine would control the opening and closing of the valves in proper order. Putting his idea to work not only doubled the speed of the engine, but was the invention of the automatic valve. A boy named Humphrey Potter (no relation to Harry) grew bored doing this. He devised a method where the action of the engine would control the opening and closing of the valves in proper order. Putting his idea to work not only doubled the speed of the engine, but was the invention of the automatic valve.

Mass Production & Interchangeable Parts American inventor, pioneer, mechanical engineer, and manufacturer, Eli Whitney is best remembered as the inventor of the cotton gin. American inventor, pioneer, mechanical engineer, and manufacturer, Eli Whitney is best remembered as the inventor of the cotton gin. He also affected the industrial development of the United States when, in manufacturing muskets for the government, he translated the concept of interchangeable parts into a manufacturing system, giving birth to the American mass-production concept. He also affected the industrial development of the United States when, in manufacturing muskets for the government, he translated the concept of interchangeable parts into a manufacturing system, giving birth to the American mass-production concept. Source: National Inventors Hall of Fame Source: National Inventors Hall of Fame Eli Whitney

“Necessity is the Mother of Invention.” Prior to the development of the concept of interchangeable parts, products like guns were made one at a time by skilled craftsmen. Like pieces of art, no two products were identical. Even the screws were made by hand. Prior to the development of the concept of interchangeable parts, products like guns were made one at a time by skilled craftsmen. Like pieces of art, no two products were identical. Even the screws were made by hand. There were disadvantages to the consumer because of the way they were manufactured: There were disadvantages to the consumer because of the way they were manufactured: 1. It took a long time to receive your gun because the gunsmith made it for you after you ordered it. 2. If a part broke, a new part would have to be made specifically for it. 3. Since it took so much of the gunsmith’s time to make each gun, each one cost a lot of money.

“Necessity is the Mother of Invention.” The problem is that no matter how much money you had, it still took time to fix the gun if it broke. The problem is that no matter how much money you had, it still took time to fix the gun if it broke. In the middle of a battlefield that’s not a good thing. There were no “Time Outs”. In the middle of a battlefield that’s not a good thing. There were no “Time Outs”. You aim, pull the trigger and it breaks. Since there’s no such thing as spare parts, the best you would be able to do is bat bullets as they’re coming at you! GOOD LUCK! You aim, pull the trigger and it breaks. Since there’s no such thing as spare parts, the best you would be able to do is bat bullets as they’re coming at you! GOOD LUCK! That’s the way it was until Whitney developed this concept of interchangeable parts. That’s the way it was until Whitney developed this concept of interchangeable parts. OOPS! The Trigger broke. Now what do I do?

“Necessity is the Mother of Invention.” The newly formed U.S. government needed muskets for the army to fight the English. The newly formed U.S. government needed muskets for the army to fight the English. As they do today, a call was made for bids from businesses that could make the weapons. No Gunsmith could manufacture the 10,000 muskets in the time the government needed them, and the cost was going too be high. As they do today, a call was made for bids from businesses that could make the weapons. No Gunsmith could manufacture the 10,000 muskets in the time the government needed them, and the cost was going too be high. Eli Whitney claimed that he could make 10,000 in one year and at a fraction of the cost. To prove his point he brought the parts of a gun to Washington and had the president assemble them. He got the contract on the spot. Eli Whitney claimed that he could make 10,000 in one year and at a fraction of the cost. To prove his point he brought the parts of a gun to Washington and had the president assemble them. He got the contract on the spot. But how’d he do that?? Some of Whitney’s gun parts Some of Whitney’s gun parts

Mass Production & Standardized Parts Cotton Gin Drill Press Mass Production - making many copies of a product all at once, instead of one at a time. Mass Production - making many copies of a product all at once, instead of one at a time. Whitney’s four parts of a mass production system: Whitney’s four parts of a mass production system: Special Machines – Like the drill press Specialized Labor – Minimum wage vs Gunsmiths Jigs and fixtures – Helps unskilled labor do skilled work. A Standard System of Measurement - Rulers THE KEY TO MASS PRODUCTION IS THAT THE KEY TO MASS PRODUCTION IS THAT THE PARTS ARE STANDARDIZED (Every trigger is identical to the others and fit any gun)

15. Who was given credit for developing the process of mass production? A. James Watt. B. Benjamin Franklin. C. George Washington. D. Eli Whitney.

16. What was Eli Whitney’s “Key” to a mass production system? A. Lots of unskilled labor doing the work. B. Hiring gunsmiths to do the work. C. Standardized Parts. D. Jigs and Fixtures.

17. What did Whitney mass produce for the new U.S. Government? A. Muskets. B. Machine Guns. C. Tanks. D. The Cotton Gin.

…is history! …and the rest…

Did You Know… The first American factories were Textile. They made fabric/cloth. The first American factories were Textile. They made fabric/cloth. The technology that these factories needed was in England. The technology that these factories needed was in England. The English Parliament wanted to keep these jobs and profits in England. As a result they passed laws against taking these inventions or their plans to the U.S. They wouldn’t even allow mechanics who worked in English factories to emigrate to the U.S. !– The English Parliament wanted to keep these jobs and profits in England. As a result they passed laws against taking these inventions or their plans to the U.S. They wouldn’t even allow mechanics who worked in English factories to emigrate to the U.S. !– HOWEVER… HOWEVER… The “Spinning Jenny” The “Water Frame”

Technology Believe It or Whatever… Samuel Slater, an experienced young mechanic who knew a great deal about the new machines decided to sneak out of England because he sympathized with the colonists. Samuel Slater, an experienced young mechanic who knew a great deal about the new machines decided to sneak out of England because he sympathized with the colonists. In 1789 he left for the United States. He couldn’t bring drawings or plans with him. However, he had an excellent memory so he memorized them. Within a year, he had built the first textile mill in the U.S. from plans he drew straight from his head! In 1789 he left for the United States. He couldn’t bring drawings or plans with him. However, he had an excellent memory so he memorized them. Within a year, he had built the first textile mill in the U.S. from plans he drew straight from his head!

18. The first American factories manufactured what product? A. Muskets. B. Textiles. C. Automobiles. D. Computers.

What made Henry Ford famous? He didn’t invent the car. It was invented in France – “The Lavassor” in He didn’t invent the car. It was invented in France – “The Lavassor” in He didn’t even make the first mass produced car in the U.S. He was beaten to the market by Random Eli Olds and his Oldsmobile. He didn’t even make the first mass produced car in the U.S. He was beaten to the market by Random Eli Olds and his Oldsmobile. He is best remembered for devising the factory assembly approach to production that revolutionized the auto industry by greatly reducing the time required to assemble a car from 14hrs to 1 ½ hrs, reducing the cost dramatically. He is best remembered for devising the factory assembly approach to production that revolutionized the auto industry by greatly reducing the time required to assemble a car from 14hrs to 1 ½ hrs, reducing the cost dramatically. He perfected the “Assembly Line” He perfected the “Assembly Line” Henry Ford

Play Video Segment 4 Henry Ford

Think About It…. Ford was beaten to the market by R.E. Olds because he was working on an engine that ran on a different fuel than gasoline. Olds patented the first engine that used gasoline in 1897, the Curved Dash Oldsmobile. Ford was beaten to the market by R.E. Olds because he was working on an engine that ran on a different fuel than gasoline. Olds patented the first engine that used gasoline in 1897, the Curved Dash Oldsmobile. Ford gave up on his engine, converted to the gasoline engine in 1908 and in a short time out-produced Olds taking the lead in U.S. car manufacturing. Ford gave up on his engine, converted to the gasoline engine in 1908 and in a short time out-produced Olds taking the lead in U.S. car manufacturing. Ford’s Model T 1908 Price - $ Price - $ Ford’s Model T 1908 Price - $ Price - $ The Curved Dash Oldsmobile 1907 Price - $ The Curved Dash Oldsmobile 1907 Price - $ ,000 made in made in 1907

What Fuel did Ford call “The Fuel of the Future”? ALCOHOL (Ethyl Alcohol - Ethanol) ALCOHOL (Ethyl Alcohol - Ethanol) Made from vegetables like corn or potatoes or fruit. Renewable, burns clean, extinguishes with water. Made from vegetables like corn or potatoes or fruit. Renewable, burns clean, extinguishes with water. There are cars that run on alcohol today. There are cars that run on alcohol today.

So why don’t all cars use alcohol? Even at $2.00 a gallon, Gasoline is much cheaper. Even at $2.00 a gallon, Gasoline is much cheaper. IT COSTS MORE! (At least for now) Due to how little is manufactured compared to gasoline. IT COSTS MORE! (At least for now) Due to how little is manufactured compared to gasoline.

If you could go back in time and stop Olds long enough for Ford to finish an alcohol engine what would be different today?… The Environment The Environment The Economy The Economy The World The World YOU HAVE THE SAME POWER!!

19. Henry Ford invented the automobile. A. True. B. False.

20. Henry Ford perfected the ______ which allowed him to produce more cars at a lower cost to the consumer. A. Assembly line. B. Interchangeable part. C. Gasoline Engine. D. Installment plan.

21. The first mass produced vehicle in the U.S. was the…. A. Oldsmobile. B. Chevrolet. C. Stanley Steamer. D. Ford.

22. How long did it take Ford’s manufacturing plant to assemble a vehicle? A. 14 hrs. B. 14 days. C. 1 ½ days. D. 1 ½ hrs.