Molecular Geometry Chapter 6.5.

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Presentation transcript:

Molecular Geometry Chapter 6.5

VSEPR THEORY Lewis Structures are 2D but we live in a 3D world. molecular geometry: the three-dimensional arrangement of a molecule’s atoms What do those 3D structure/shapes look like?? Follow the Valance Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory or VSEPR Following VSEPR allows us to predict bond polarity: uneven distribution of electrons

Atoms bonded to central atom Number of Lone Pairs (on central) AB2 – Linear Central atom Atoms/group of atoms attached to central atom Atoms bonded to central atom Number of Lone Pairs (on central) Bond Angle 2 180˚ Cl Be

Other Linear Geometries The shape of two atoms bonded together is not given in the chart. Ex: F2 What is the only possible shape a binary compound can have? LINEAR!

Atoms bonded to central atom AB2E1 – Bent Lone pairs of electrons on central atom (only) Atoms bonded to central atom Number of Lone Pairs Bond Angle 2 1 <120˚ What happens to the bond angle between atoms as you increase the number of “lone pair electrons” on the central atom? Bond angles decrease!

Atoms bonded to central atom AB2E2 – Bent Atoms bonded to central atom Number of Lone Pairs Bond Angle 2 104.5˚

Atoms bonded to central atom AB3 – Trigonal Planar Atoms bonded to central atom Number of Lone Pairs Bond Angle 3 120˚

AB3E1 – Trigonal Pyramidal Atoms bonded to central atom Number of Lone Pairs Bond Angle 3 1 107˚

Atoms bonded to central atom AB4 – Tetrahedral Atoms bonded to central atom Number of Lone Pairs Bond Angle 4 109.5˚

Why use VSEPR Theory? Key Point: VSERP Theory is used to predict the shape of molecules based on the fact that electron pairs strongly repel each other.

Predicting Molecular Geometry Draw Lewis structure for molecule. Count number of lone pairs on the central atom and number of atoms bonded to the central atom. Use VSEPR to predict the geometry of the molecule. What are the molecular geometries of SO2 and SF4? S F S O AB4E AB2E tetrahedral bent