SOUTHEAST ASIA Chapter 33

HISTORICAL INFLUENCES 1. Many groups have come here to trade 1. Many groups have come here to trade a. India b. Southwest Asia c. China d. European

Indian Influences 1. Traders sailed from India bringing: 1. Traders sailed from India bringing: a. Hinduism a. Hinduism b. Buddhism b. Buddhism 2. Temples are the center of village life 2. Temples are the center of village life

Southwest Asian Influences 1. Muslim traders from Arabia brought Islam 1. Muslim traders from Arabia brought Islam 2. Islam spread quickly 2. Islam spread quickly 3. Major religion of Indonesia & Malaysia 3. Major religion of Indonesia & Malaysia

1. China had little effect on Southeast Asia 1. China had little effect on Southeast Asia 2. China felt that the people were barbarous 2. China felt that the people were barbarous a. Barbarous: People without manners or uncivilized a. Barbarous: People without manners or uncivilized 3. One exception: 3. One exception: a. Vietnam was invaded by China and held for nearly 1000 years Chinese Influences

Europeans Bring Change 1. Europeans wanted: a. Silks b. Spices c. Precious metals (gold & silver) 2. First the Portuguese followed by: a. French b. Spanish c. Dutch d. British e. U. S.

3. Three changes came rapidly a. Europeans wanted to buy coffee & tea that grew well here b. Rapidly growing population in Europe led to a greater demand for coffee & tea c. The manufactures in Europe sought the raw-materials and especially a place to sell their stuff d. By the 1880s, Europe had colonized almost all of Southeast Asia Europeans Bring Change

4. Europeans changed the physical & human geography a. Cleared large areas of JUNGLE b. Encouraged landowners to grow rice for export Paddies: Wet land on where rice is grown Paddies: Wet land on where rice is grown c. Small farmers could not compete and sold their small farms Europeans Bring Change

5. European colonizers sold factory-made goods at lower prices than local merchants 6. Local merchants were forced out-of-business 7. Economy became dependent on Europe for factory-made goods Europeans Bring Change

8. Europeans also built roads and railroads 9. Built large ports a. Many people came from neighboring countries seeking work b. Indigenous people (native born people) also flocked to these port-cities Europeans Bring Change

Myanmar (Burma) 1. About the size of Texas 2. Over 100 different languages 3. Colonized by Great Britain in the 1800s 4. Independence came in 1948, but many groups wanted their own country and became insurgents a. Insurgents: People who rebel against the government

Myanmar (Burma) 5. Due to the fighting, the economy is weak 6. Another problem is the harsh military- government a. Military- Government: Government run by the military a. Military- Government: Government run by the military

Thailand

Thailand Prospers 1. Though several ethnic groups live here 2. 97% of the population speak Thai 3. People have a strong national identity 4. Thailand was never colonized a. Flexible in their dealings with Europeans b. Kept their independence

5. Progress brings change: a. One of the strongest economies in Southeast Asia b. Once dominated by agriculture Thailand Prospers

6. In the 1960s, Thailand began to diversify 7. Industry is now twice the income of agriculture 8. Tourism brings $5 billion yearly 9. Transportation-Hub for Southeast Asia a. Transportation-Hub: A center- point of transportation Thailand Prospers

VIETNAM

VIETNAM 1. After years of French occupation a. The Vietnamese wanted independence b. Ho Chi Minh (communist) led them to victory over the French in Vietnam was split into: a. Communist North b. Democratic South

3. The communist North and Communists in the Democratic South started another war wanting to unite the country 4. With the help of the U.S., South Vietnam held-out until: a. U.S. Pulled out in 1973 because of political pressure from Home b. South Vietnam fell to the Communists just two years later VIETNAM

5. During the 1990s, Vietnam has turned away from strict government control 6. Began allowing a limited free-market, called doi moi (dwa mwah) 7. Foreign investment came in and their economy is growing VIETNAM

CAMBODIA

CAMBODIA 1. Also once a French Colony 2. Also turned to Communism 3. Communist government began killing anyone with an education (2 million) 4. Vietnam invaded and stopped the killing

Indonesia 1. More than 200 different languages Million people 3. Government often controls by violent means 4. Economic success is based on Oil reserves 5. Uses Oil $$$ to build roads/airports/railroads

PHILIPPINES

PHILIPPINES 1. Ruled by Spain for 333 years…then U. S. 2. Independence came in 1946 (after WW-II) 3. 90% Roman Catholic…How? 4. U. S. brought a new education system (English) 5. U. S. brought a new political system: Democracy

Singapore

Singapore 1. Smallest country in Southeast Asia 2. But big economically & politically 3. Center of important trade routes 4. Once a colony of Great Britain 5. Highly educated workforce supplies workers for high-tech

MALAYSIA & BRUNEI 1. Economies are not based on agriculture 2. Wealth comes from oil 3. Used oil$$$ to support: a. Free schooling b. Medical care c. Manufacturing & trade

PAPUA NEW GUINEA 1. Ethnically diverse, over 700 ethnic groups 2. Lives in two worlds: a. Modern b. Traditional 3. 80% are in agriculture

Reach For A Star Production John P. Luke