Crime at Sea and Human Insecurity in Southeast Asia (2)

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Presentation transcript:

Crime at Sea and Human Insecurity in Southeast Asia (2) Toward a New Paradigm of Maritime Security Cooperation Jun Honna JICA Research Institute

Backgrounds Cross-Border Threats, Regional Cooperation, and the Building of ‘Common Goods’ for ASEAN’s Political-Security Community Japan as a Stakeholder Enduring Human Insecurity in Southeast Asian Waters

Crime at Sea: Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing ・ UII fishing in the Asia-Pacific Region costs around US$5.8b annually. ・ Scientists estimate that 56 percent of the coral reefs in Southeast Asia are at risk from destructive fishing (Reefs at Risk, 2002)

Crime at Sea: Human Trafficking ・ It is conservatively estimated that at least 200-225,000 women and children from Southeast Asia are trafficked annually, a figure representing nearly one-third of the global trafficking trade. (IOM, Combating Trafficking in Southeast Asia)

Crime at Sea: Illegal Logging ・ Stolen timber worth almost two and a half billion dollars is traded between the countries of East and Southeast Asia each year. (EIA/Telapak)

Crime at Sea: Drug Trafficking Clandestine Laboratories Seized in SEA ・ UNODC estimates that about half of global production of amphetamines takes place in East and Southeast Asia, a third in North America and about 15% in Europe.

Crime at Sea: Armed Robbery against Ships Locations of Actual and Attempted Attacks Locations 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Indonesia 121 94 79 50 43 28 Malacca Straits 38 12 11 7 2 Malaysia 5 9 3 10 Philippines 4 6 Singapore Straits 8 Thailand/Gulf of Thai. 1 South China Sea Vietnam 15 Total at Year End 445 329 276 239 263 293 ICC-IMB Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships Report – Annual Report 2008

Questioning Regional Responses to Maritime Crime Gap between High-level Political Commitment (ASEAN Plan of Action to Combat Transnational Crime) and Policy-level Cooperation Piracy-Oriented International Concerns Navy-Oriented Views of Maritime Security

Toward a New Paradigm From Naval Balance of Power to Regional Cooperation among Law Enforcement Agencies at Sea Capacity Building of Civilian Law Enforcers (Coast Guards, Water Polices) Joint Programs—Training, Educations Bringing ‘Human’ Back in—Problems on Land