Gender and Development

1. Which of the following is NOT an indicator of global gender inequality? A) Female life expectancy is less than males in every country of the world. B) Women on average have two-thirds of the income of men in MDCs. C) Female literacy is much lower than males in Sub- Saharan Africa and Southwest Asia & North Africa. D) Women hold less than one-fourth of managerial jobs in LDCs where data are available. E) Women have much lower incomes than men in LDCs.

1. Which of the following is NOT an indicator of global gender inequality? A) Female life expectancy is less than males in every country of the world. B) Women on average have two-thirds of the income of men in MDCs. C) Female literacy is much lower than males in Sub- Saharan Africa and Southwest Asia & North Africa. D) Women hold less than one-fourth of managerial jobs in LDCs where data are available. E) Women have much lower incomes than men in LDCs.

2. Which of the following is NOT a reason that gender inequality is a challenge to development? A) it is associated with lower literacy rates and higher infant mortality rates. B) it leads to smaller family sizes C) it excludes women from the formal economy, wasting a major economic asset. D) it severely limits the economic and social mobility of women.

2. Which of the following is NOT a reason that gender inequality is a challenge to development? A) it is associated with lower literacy rates and higher infant mortality rates. B) it leads to smaller family sizes C) it excludes women from the formal economy, wasting a major economic asset. D) it severely limits the economic and social mobility of women.

3. In which of the following regions are literacy rates approximately equal for men and women? I. North America II. Latin America III. Sub-Saharan Africa IV. Middle East and North Africa a. I and II b. I, II, and III c. II and III d. II and IV e. I, II, and IV

3. In which of the following regions are literacy rates approximately equal for men and women? I. North America II. Latin America III. Sub-Saharan Africa IV. Middle East and North Africa a. I and II b. I, II, and III c. II and III d. II and IV e. I, II, and IV

Male literacy (top) vs. Female literacy (bottom) FIGURE 9-20

4. In what region of the world is the HDI significantly lower than it would otherwise be because females do not have access to educational opportunities? A. Central Asia B. Southwest Asia C. Latin America D. Southeast Asia E. Oceania

4. In what region of the world is the HDI significantly lower than it would otherwise be because females do not have access to educational opportunities? A. Central Asia B. Southwest Asia C. Latin America D. Southeast Asia E. Oceania

School Enrollment Females as Percent of Males ?? FIGURE 9-19 School Enrollment Females as Percent of Males

5. The GDI, or gender development index, is used to assess the well-being of what group? a. women b. men c. children d. refugees e. older people

5. The GDI, or gender development index, is used to assess the well-being of what group? a. women b. men c. children d. refugees e. older people

6. The GDI A) compares the level of development of 6. The GDI A) compares the level of development of women in a country to the average development level of women in the world. B) combines economic and political indicators of empowerment. C) compares the levels of indicators for females to those of males within a country. D) is composed of the same measures as the HDI but is applied only to women instead of the entire population.

6. The GDI A) compares the level of development of 6. The GDI A) compares the level of development of women in a country to the average development level of women in the world. B) combines economic and political indicators of empowerment. C) compares the levels of indicators for females to those of males within a country. D) is composed of the same measures as the HDI but is applied only to women instead of the entire population.

GDI Gender-Related Development Index uses the same factors as the HDI (Human Development Index) but adjusts them to reflect the difference between women and men: ● Per capita income for women as % of same for men ● Female school enrollment as % of same for men ● Female Literacy as a % of that for men ● Life expectancy compared to that of men

7. What region of the. world has the lowest Gender Development Index (GDI)? (A) Latin America (B) Southeast Asia (C) South Asia (D) Sub-Saharan Africa (E) Southwest Asia

7. What region of the. world has the lowest Gender Development Index (GDI)? (A) Latin America (B) Southeast Asia (C) South Asia (D) Sub-Saharan Africa (E) Southwest Asia

8. The Gender Development Index (GDI) is the highest for women in A) Japan. B) United States. C) Scandinavia. D) Canada. E) Southern Europe.

8. The Gender Development Index (GDI) is the highest for women in A) Japan. B) United States. C) Scandinavia. D) Canada. E) Southern Europe.

Global GDI (Gender Development Index)

10. Which is true about the conditions of women in MDCs vs. LDCs 10. Which is true about the conditions of women in MDCs vs. LDCs? (A) Women are more likely to be employed in agriculture in MDCs. (B) Women are less likely to be literate in MDCs. (C) Women do not perform labor in MDCs. (D) Women are more likely to participate in government positions in MDCs. (E) Women are more likely to have multiple children in MDCs.

10. Which is true about the conditions of women in MDCs vs. LDCs 10. Which is true about the conditions of women in MDCs vs. LDCs? (A) Women are more likely to be employed in agriculture in MDCs. (B) Women are less likely to be literate in MDCs. (C) Women do not perform labor in MDCs. (D) Women are more likely to participate in government positions in MDCs. (E) Women are more likely to have multiple children in MDCs.

11. The GEM A) is composed of the same measures as 11. The GEM A) is composed of the same measures as the HDI but is applied only to women instead of the entire population. B) compares the levels of indicators for females to those of males within a country. C) compares the level of development of women in a country to the average development level of women in the world. D) combines economic and political indicators of empowerment.

11. The GEM A) is composed of the same measures as 11. The GEM A) is composed of the same measures as the HDI but is applied only to women instead of the entire population. B) compares the levels of indicators for females to those of males within a country. C) compares the level of development of women in a country to the average development level of women in the world. D) combines economic and political indicators of empowerment.

GEM (Gender Empowerment Measure) seeks to measure the political and economic power available to women. It includes both economic and political indicators: ● Per capita female income as a % of that of men ● % of professional and technical jobs held by women ● % of administrative jobs held by women ● % of seats in national parliament held by women

12. Which of the following is NOT considered when calculating the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM)? A) female literacy rate B) per capita female income relative to men C) percentage of members of the national parliament who are women D) percentage of professional and technical jobs held by women

12. Which of the following is NOT considered when calculating the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM)? A) female literacy rate B) per capita female income relative to men C) percentage of members of the national parliament who are women D) percentage of professional and technical jobs held by women

13. The gender empowerment index (GEM) attempts to measure the influence of women in a society by indexing woman’s income, participation in labor force, professional jobs and political influence. Which of the following regions scored the lowest on the GEM index in 2002? A) North America. B) Eastern Europe. C) Middle East. D) East Asia. E) South America.

13. The gender empowerment index (GEM) attempts to measure the influence of women in a society by indexing woman’s income, participation in labor force, professional jobs and political influence. Which of the following regions scored the lowest on the GEM index in 2002? A) North America. B) Eastern Europe. C) Middle East. D) East Asia. E) South America.

14. In what region of the world do we find the largest percentage of women in the national legislatures? a. Southern Europe b. Northern Europe c. Countries of the former USSR d. North America e. Latin America

14. In what region of the world do we find the largest percentage of women in the national legislatures? a. Southern Europe b. Northern Europe c. Countries of the former USSR d. North America e. Latin America

Percentage of Seats in Parliament Held by Women FIGURE 9-25 Percentage of Seats in Parliament Held by Women