Thirteen English Colonies Chapter 3: Thirteen English Colonies (1587-1755)

Geography of New England

Farms, Forests, and Seas… Rocky soil

Forests were full of riches... ► Hunting ► Sawmills developed near port cities ► Shipbuilding industry

Fishing and whaling

Towns and Villages ► Due to Puritan beliefs, New England developed small towns and villages ► At the center of each village was a common... nearby stood the meetinghouse where Puritans worshiped and held town meetings ► This encouraged the growth of democratic ideas

New England have turned to fishing rather than farming? Why would colonists in New England have turned to fishing rather than farming?

Puritans in Massachusetts Bay ► Like the Pilgrims, the Puritans had disagreements with the Church of England ► Many decided to leave England and journey to North America ► In 1629, 900 Puritans were given a charter to settle in what is now Massachusetts and New Hampshire ►Their leader was John Winthrop, a respected lawyer and landowner

► The plan was to build a new society in New England ► The plan was to build a new society in New England based on biblical laws and teachings ► It was known as the Massachusetts Bay Colony and it attracted many settlers to New England

► Some settlers dissatisfied with Puritan rule founded two new colonies: Rhode Island and Connecticut

► As more colonists settled in New England, ► As more colonists settled in New England, they took over the lands used by Native Americans

The Middle Colonies (New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania) ► Originally, these were established as proprietary colonies ► The king gave land to one or more people called proprietors ► These people were free to divide the land and rent it to others ► They made laws but had to respect the rights of colonists under British law

New York and New Jersey ► In 1664, England took over the Dutch colony of New Netherlands along the Hudson River during wartime ► This land was divided into New York and New Jersey

Pennsylvania and Delaware ► In 1682, William Penn, a Quaker, founded the colony of Pennsylvania

► Quakers believed that all people were equal… ► Quakers believed that all people were equal… men and women, nobles and commoners ► Penn's “holy experiment”… he wanted it to be a model of religious freedom, peace, and Christian living ► Protestants, Catholics, and Jews went to PA to escape persecution ► Philadelphia became the most populated city in the English colonies

The Middle Colonies ► Very diverse compared to the New England or Southern Colonies (immigrants poured into this region) ► Rich and fertile river valleys (Hudson and Delaware Rivers) ► Larger farms than in New England ► Cash crops were grown (wheat, barley, rye) ► Cattle and pigs ► Houses were far apart so towns were less important than in New England... Counties became the center of local government

The Backcountry Area along the eastern slopes of the Appalachian Mountains

The Backcountry ► Many German and Scotch-Irish immigrants settled in this region ► Conflict sometimes arose between these settlers and the Native Americans

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The Southern Colonies ► Maryland ► Virginia ► North Carolina ► South Carolina ► Georgia

(Lord Baltimore was the proprietor) ► Maryland was created as a colony where Catholics could practice their religion freely (Lord Baltimore was the proprietor) Colonists arrive at Maryland… the first proprietary colony

► North Carolina was settled by poor tobacco farmers from Virginia ► South Carolina became a major exporter of rice

Georgia was a haven for debtors by James Oglethorpe

The Southern Colonies ► Major tobacco-growing areas (also rice and indigo) ► On plantations, enslaved Africans did most of the work...bringing their farming skills from Africa

► The earliest plantations were located along rivers of the coastal plain ► The region was known as the Tidewater

► Farther inland, planters settled along rivers ► Most large coastal plantations had their own docks ► Few large seaport cities developed in the Southern Colonies

The Backcountry South ► Inland area at the base of the Appalachian Mountains ► This region was more democratic than the Tidewater

Colonial Social Classes At the top of society as the gentry (wealthy planters, merchants, ministers, lawyers, & royal officials)

Below the gentry was the middle class... mostly artisans or farmers (the largest group)

The lowest social class included farmhands, servants, slaves, and indentured servants

Some people came to North America to become more prosperous Statement 2-3 Supporting Facts Some people came to North America to become more prosperous ►

Freedom to worship also drew settlers to the colonies Statement 2-3 Supporting Facts Freedom to worship also drew settlers to the colonies ►

Settlers endured many hardships in North America Statement 2-3 Supporting Facts Settlers endured many hardships in North America ►

Each colony had its own leader(s) and history Statement 2-3 Supporting Facts Each colony had its own leader(s) and history ►

Critical Thinking 1. Forecasting: Why do you think tensions might have developed between people who lived in the backcountry and those who lived in the Tidewater region? 2. Analyzing a Primary Source: “The sale of human beings in the market on board ships goes like this. English, Dutch, and Germans come on board to choose among the healthy passengers… Adults bind themselves to serve anywhere from 3 to 6 years. Young people must serve until they are 21 years old.” Does this passage refer to indentured servants or to enslaved Africans? How can you tell?