Urban Geography The last chapter

Early Cities Feudal cities- showed power of military, ran with little diversity and organization European Cities- grew after Renaisance period, finally the end of feudal cities Colonial cities- small cities with regional leaders sent by European powers Industrial revolution led to the invention of the modern city

Modern Cities Gateway City- a city that acts as the main distribution point between huge geographic areas, example the ports of San Fransisco, and LAX Medieval Cities- densly packed with winding streets and a central church, remains of the European cities Islamic cities- Many walls and dead end streats, based off of muslim faith Latin American cities- majorly unplanned cities that grew from colonial cities Grew out of their central business district

Beaux arts school Centered in Paris and Vienna Started city beautiful movement, movement from plain buildings to “fashionable” buildings

Modern Architecture Based off of the idea of functionalism Building are made for the idea of their function Postmodern architecture is opposite, people thought buildings were too plain so they wanted some light-heartedness seen in their buildings, so they used bright colors, etc.

What causes a city to be unique? The history of the city

Spatial Organization Concentric zone model- zoning of cities using concentric circles with the core being a central business district Example Chicago Multiple nuclei model- multiple central business districts Example Los Angeles Sector model- having spokes of different districts, many times based off of where the transportation is Central Business district is still the core Example Mexico City

Ghetto G Dawg Homie Ghettoization- the movement of the rich out of cities leaving room for poverty in the middle of cities Rich people move to suburbs Also known as inner city decay To stop this, people enacted Urban Revitalization The process in which urban areas are unghettoitized is called gentrification

Urban sprawl Quick movement to a city causes unplanned growth, called urban sprawl Much seggrigation occurs as the rich quickly move to the suburbs and outlying lands, these people are called exurbanites Edge cities, cities that are formed on the edge of the city, are called from this unplanned growth New laws and the establishment of urban growth boundries try to minimize this Metropolitan areas are defined by the city and its surrounding communities Based off of the central place theory, that all of the edge cities are spawned from one central city Edge cities, also called hinterlands, do no have the major forms of entertainment as the central cities, like sports events, so people live close enough so they can use the central cities cultural activities

Rank-size rule The proportion of small towns to large cities is the rank-size rule There should be a lot more towns than cities Not true in many developing world areas Primate city- a city in an area that overwhelmingly dominates an area Seoul, South Korea contains 1/3 of the countries population

The biggest and the baddest Where many towns and cities have grown together it creates a megalopolis A whole area becomes urbanized Lots of this in the US Opposite = megacities Where one city is overwhemingly urban Plauged with chaotic unplanned growth Squatter settlements, basic houses made of plastic and whatever people can find, crop up overnight as people make their own housing, making the city grow even bigger

Powerful Cities Just because a city is one of the biggest in population, it does not mean it is the most powerful Power of a city is its control of world economics, example the New York Stock Exchange *it was able to cause the Great Depression*

How to plan a city for dummies Urban planning is done by urban planners Kevin Lynch- Image of a City How well an individual can operate depended on the legibility of urban spaces to find their orientation Classified cities into 5 elements: Paths- any transportation route Edges- any rail lines, walls, rivers, forest Districts- mental or physical, examples being compton is a mental district as being dangerous, and hollywood is a district of culture Nodes- Junctions of major paths, the spectrum Landmarks- anything noticable Must form a landscape that is easy to navigate, find out where you are when you are lost, and see where you should not go while getting to where you want to go as quick as possible

Action Spaces 5 rules of peoples spatial behavior: People make many more short trips than long trips, this is obvious People worry little about distence when moving around vary close to home, but far trips require lots of time and planning, how long does it take for you to plan a trip to Europe? The longest trips are work-related, you are not gonna go 100 miles for a restraunt Transportation limits some spatial behaviors, if you can’t drive because of the traffic, how are you gonna work? People avoid perceived hazords, your not gonna walk through East LA to go to work

Now You use those rules to plan a city where people can work, buy food, live, and have recreation in a timely, efficient manor

The last chapter IS DONE!!!

Now you need to review: Learn all of the people and their books/laws Know the key terms Make sure you understand the concepts Learn how to write