By Nicholas Lee Flattum

pages  Page 89  Page 79  Page 44  Page 25

By Nicholas Lee Flattum

Overview  History of the area  Garden Island  Lake of the woods  Oak Island  Northwest angle State forest  Angle Inlet  Angle Inlet School

What’s in the area?  Wildlife management areas  waterfowl production areas  Lake of the woods  Garden state recreational area  North west angle state forest  Red Lake Indian Reservation

Fun Facts  All swamp land and forests.  Only one main road going through the area. county rd. 49  The northern point of the United States other than Alaska.  Only way to get there is to go through Canada.  Most of the area is the red lake Indian reservation but there is a strange border bordering the WPA’s and WMA’s all around the area. there are public land right in the middle of the reservation but it is not part of the reservation. It’s public land free to hunt.

Brief history of the county  Organized on Nov. 28,  Became a county on Jan. 1,  1885, was when the first settlers came in the area.  Wilhelm Zippel settled at Zippel Bay.

Garden Island State Park  North most unit of the Minnesota state park system  Very remote  Almost completely undeveloped  Only way to get there is afloat  The island is 19 miles away from the south shore of lake of the woods.  n.us/state_parks/garde n_island/index.html n.us/state_parks/garde n_island/index.html

Lake Of The Woods  Five public entrances to the lake  Lake Area (acres):  Species of fish: Black crappie, burbot, golden redhorse, lake sturgeon, lake whitefish, northern pike, quillback, rock bass, sauger, shortheat redhorse, silver lamprey, silver redhorse, smallmouth bass, fullibee, walleye, white sucker, yellow perch

Northwest Angle State Forest  Located right on the top of the chimney of Minnesota.  Offers world class fishing bird washing, boating, and snowmobiling.  Some trees in the area: tamarack, black spruce, red and white pine, cedar, and birch.

Trees in the Area  Tamarack: straight trunk, height of the tree goes from 40 – 70 feet, has a diameter of 14” to 24.” many of these trees were cut down. It’ rare they are here. They are found in swamps. Most of thee area of this northern part of Minnesota is swamp  Black spruce: it’s a small tree. Only gets to 12” in diameter. Usually the trees only get to be 20’ to 30.’ sometimes they get to 70 to 80 feet. Had bark that’s grayish or sometimes reddish brown  white pine: the tree can get up to 100 feet. Usually they only get to 40 to 60 feet. Has needlelike leaves. The red pine is usually around the same size except the trunk gets bigger while the red pine can get larger than 60 feet.  All of these trees can be found in different places than just northern Minnesota but it’s more common in northern Minnesota.

Angle Inlet  Location: northern angle of Minnesota.  Other than Alaska, this is the most northern part of the United States.  Land area of SQ MI  Population of 152  The lack of security on the border  People were afraid of immigrants coming into the US without us knowing.

Angle Inlet School  Has the only one room school in the state.  Only has one teacher. Mrs. Kastl.  Is in the Warroad Public Schools. 65 miles away in Warroad MN.

Oak Island  Population: 31  Around 3 miles long and 1 mile wide  Has several resorts on the island  Angle inn Lodge, Bay Store Camp, Bonnie Brae Resort, Norm’s Camp, Oak Island resort, Sunset lodge, Walsh Bay Store Camp.

By Nicholas Lee Flattum

Overview  Towns and counties  Richard J. Dorer Memorial Hardwood State Forest.  Railroads towns.  Lake louise state park.  Douglas state trail  Jay C. Hormel Nature Center  Oxbow Park  Quarry Hill Nature center  Rochester art center

Towns and counties  Big towns in the area Rochester Byron Kasson Dodge center Mantoryville Hayfield Stewartville Austin Grand Meadow Spring Valley Le Roy Adams

Towns and counties  Small towns in the area Rode Creek Lyle Dexter Brownsdale Ostander Elkton Racine Sargeant Waltham Simpson Wasioja Counties in the area Dodge Olmsted Mower Fillmore

Railroad towns  These towns were towns that were made because of railroads going through. They are around 5 or 6 miles apart. That means it’s they were all towns built by the railroad system. Take a look on page 25 to locate these towns.  Rochester  Byron  Kasson  Dodge center  Simpson  Stewartville  Hayfield  Sargeant  Waltham  Taopi  Elkton  Austin  Lyle

Lake Lewis State Park  Right by the city of Leroy  22 campsites  Filled with Natural hardwoods, and fields that could be great farmland.  Recreation, hiking, biking, horseback riding, bird watching, canoeing, fishing, cross-country skiing.

Rochester Art Center  In Rochester  Exhibitions always change  Current exhibitions: Tony Tasset: life during wartime, and John Fleischer: ALLMOST  has art all over the Midwest and some areas throughout the US.  For more information: s/exhibitions.html s/exhibitions.html

Jay c. Hormel Nature Center  Near the City of Austin  278 acres of hardwoods and pine forests  Total of 507 acres  Has hands-on Exhibits using snakeskin's, antlers, furs, and fungus  Hiking trails (wood chipped) able to see many kinds of wildlife.  Established in 1971  For more information:

Oxbow Park  By the city of Byron  572 acres  Has a nature center  Has a zoo  Animal shelter. It provides home for injured orphaned animals.  Picnic areas  Hiking trails  Has around 30 native species that includes bison and elk.  For more information: Minnesota Atlas &Gazetteer. Copyright DeLorme. Page 11 and 25.

Quarry Hill Nature Center  By the town of Rochester  320 acres  2 acre fishing pond  Man made sandstone cave  Foot trails  Programs Bird-banding Reptiles Bees fossils  For more information:

Douglas State Trail  Hiking trail and biking trail  12.5 miles long  Made from and old railroad grade between Rochester and Pine Island  Goes through rural scenery  Paved trail  Horseback riding. (has a separate trail for that)

Richard J. Dorer Memorial Hardwood State Forest.  45,000 acres in size  Created in 1961  Only state forest where there is a restriction for using mountain bikes, ATV’s, or horses to only designated areas of the forest.  State water trails Cannon river Whitewater river Root river Zumbro river Vermillion river For more information: ml ml

By Nicholas Lee Flattum

Overview  Boundary waters canoe area  Pat Bayle State Forest  Superior National Forest  Grand Marais  Grand Portage trail.  Grand Portage National Monument.  Judge C.R. Magney State Park

Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness  Part of the superior national forest.  Designated the BWCAW in 1964  1.1 million total acres.  20% of the BWCAW is water.  1175 lakes  1200 miles of canoe routs  18 hiking trails  2200 campsites  wildView&WID=70&tab=General wildView&WID=70&tab=General

Animals Of The BWCAW. Animals Gray wolf Red fox Lynx Fisher Pine martin Mink Otter Weasel Black bear Moose Beaver Red-backed salamander Southern bog lemming Northern lepard frogs Bats White tail deer Porcupine Snowshoe hare Red squirrel Chipmunk

Fish of the BWCAW Fish Lake trout Walleye Northern pike Smallmouth bass Largemouth bass Perch

Fish of the BWCAW Crappie Whitefish Sucker Sturgeon Burbot Site no.1

BWCAW wildfire and blow down  Last blow down was 1999  1300 wildfires happen each year in Minnesota alone  9 out of 10 happens from humans  In 1911 passed a new forestry law because of fires.  The boundary waters were protected from loggers.  The boundary waters has some of the oldest trees in the state.  x.html x.html  ml ml

Pat Bayle State Forest  Eagle mountain: highest point in Minnesota  2,301 high  Recreation: boating fishing hunting swimming and 16 miles of ATV trails.  Located in the superior national forest  180,403 acres in size  Established in 1963 

Superior National Forest  Established in 1909  Clean lakes  Where the BWCAW is in.  Boreal forest ecosystem.  Recreation: fishing hunting camping canoeing swimming, hiking, snowmobiling, and skiing.

Superior National Forest  One of only two national forests in Minnesota  8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3gjAwhwtDDw9_AI8zPwh QoY6IeDdGCqCPOBqwDLG- AAjgb6fh75uan6BdnZaY6OiooA1tkqlQ!!/dl3/d3/L2dJQSEvU Ut3QS9ZQnZ3LzZfMjAwMDAwMDBBODBPSEhWTjBNMD AwMDAwMDA!/?ss=110909&navtype=BROWSEBYSUBJE CT&cid=FSE_003853&navid= &pnavid=n ull&position=BROWSEBYSUBJECT&ttype=main&pname=S uperior%2520National%2520Forest- %2520Home/about/history/index.php 8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3gjAwhwtDDw9_AI8zPwh QoY6IeDdGCqCPOBqwDLG- AAjgb6fh75uan6BdnZaY6OiooA1tkqlQ!!/dl3/d3/L2dJQSEvU Ut3QS9ZQnZ3LzZfMjAwMDAwMDBBODBPSEhWTjBNMD AwMDAwMDA!/?ss=110909&navtype=BROWSEBYSUBJE CT&cid=FSE_003853&navid= &pnavid=n ull&position=BROWSEBYSUBJECT&ttype=main&pname=S uperior%2520National%2520Forest- %2520Home/about/history/index.php  Shipment-Newton-Nolan Act in 1930: restricted altering water levels and cutting down trees and anything that takes away from that natural beauty of the shorelines. 

Grand Marais  The Qjibwe called Grand Marais. Kitchi- Bitobig Meaning double body of water.  Has been a fur trading post, fishing village, and a lumber town.  Entrance to gunflint trail. 

Grand Marais  Located right on shore of lake superior.  In cook county Minnesota  Size is around 2.7 sq miles  Population 1,353  Established on April 

Grand Portage trail.  Two trails  Grand portage: 8.5 miles long  Mount rose trail: 300 feet long  Recreation: Backpacking, cross country skiing, and hiking.  monument-minnesota-sidwcmdev_ html monument-minnesota-sidwcmdev_ html

Grand Portage National Monument.  National monument contains history on the Ojibwe and the Fur Trade.  Became a national monument in 1958  710 acres in size  Lies entirely in the grand portage Ojibwe Indian reservation. 

Judge C.R. Magney State Park  Devil’s kettle waterfall 770 feet thick. Made from volcanic lava 1.1 billion years ago.  Highlights: water falls, camping, trout fishing, hiking, and wildlife observation.  4,642 acres in size  Large animals you can see: moose, white tail deer, black bear, and timber wolves.  Small animals you can see: woodchuck, snowshoe hare, red squirrel and chipmunk.  

By Nicholas Lee Flattum

overview  Towns  Counties  Alexandria  History of Alexandria  Kensington runestone museum  Glacial lakes state park  The Leaf Hills or Leaf Mountains  Colleges  Lake Minnewaska/Emily/Reno

Towns and counties Larger towns  Alexandria  Glenwood  Starbuck  Morris  Hancock Smaller towns  Brandon  Clontarf  Curus  Lowry  Farwell

Towns and counties  Kensington  Hoffman  Barrett  Garfield  Nora Counties in the area  Douglas  Sterns  Grant  Swift

Alexandria “easy to get to hard to leave.”  In the middle of a region with lakes and resorts that bring fisherman and families taking a vacation.  9.4 SQ miles in size. Kensington Runestone ○ Slab of rock 200 lbs ○ Became a controversy for 100 years ○ Some consider it a fraud. Many people thought it was a fake. ○ It read. “8 Goths and 22 Norwegians on exploration journey from Vinland over the West We had camp by 2 skerries one days journey north from this stone We were and fished one day After we came home found 10 men red with blood and dead Ace Maria Save From evil.” John Toren. The Seven States Of Minnesota, copyright 2010.

History of Alexandria  Alexander and William Kinkead were two brothers who made the city of Alexandria.  1859 the first post office was made in Alexandria.  They named the town after him. Alexander Kinkead was the postmaster. Which is where the name came from.  No railroad

History of Alexandria  No telegraph  The town was growing steadily  Growth stopped in around 1862  It didn’t grow until again until the late 1860’s 

Kensington runestone museum  Located downtown Alexandria  Where the Kensington Runestone is kept.  Fort Alexandria: exact replica of the old stockade that was built in 1862  Exhibits: ○ Period room: displays the life of pioneers in the 1900’s to 1920’s. ○ Who is Big Ole? Check out the museum to find that out. ○ Wildlife: contains lots of wild animals native to Minnesota. ○ Discovery room: a video showing how the discovery of the Kensington Runestone.

Glacial lakes state park  Has many Natural Features  Covered in prairie vegetation  Wildflowers and prairie grasses fill the area in the summertime.  Recreation: Camping, swimming, hiking trails, fishing, horseback riding, canoeing, or just watch the sun set in the prairie land.  Right on lake Minnewaska

Glacial lakes state park  Sunglass lake is great for fishing is a clean non-polluted lake found entirely in Glacial Lakes State Park.  In the moraines of the Leaf Hills.  Located a few miles away from Starbuck.  Established in 1963  They wanted to preserve the prairies of the area.

Glacial lakes state park  Only 1/10 of 1% of prairies are left in Minnesota.  Glacial lakes has many grasses such as blue stream grass, Indian grass, prairie cover, coneflowers, and goldenrods.  Only a few places in Minnesota still have these plants.  Glacial lakes state park is one of them  cial_lakes/index.html cial_lakes/index.html  cial_lakes/narrative.html cial_lakes/narrative.html  John Toren. The Seven States Of Minnesota, copyright 2010.

The Leaf Hills or Leaf Mountains  Runs northwest to southwest through western Minnesota.  Contains the heaviest amount of lakes in the state  Has some of the hilliest country in the state.  Glacial Lakes State Park is on the bottom of the Leaf Hills.  Ojibwe Gaaskibag-Wajiwan.  John Toren. The Seven States Of Minnesota, copyright 

colleges  Alexandria Technical and Community College. Found in 1961 Established through community support and state funding When they opened, there was only three majors carpentry, farm equipment mechanics, and machine shop. There was only 21 students at that time The first two year college in Minnesota to that was accredited by the higher learning commission.  University of Minnesota Morris ○ 125 years old ○ School closed in 1909 and transferred to the state. ○ American Indian students wanted to go to the school for free. ○ 35 majors and minors ○ Located in the city of Morris on the left hand side of page 44 ○

Lake Minnewaska/Emily/Reno  All these lakes are on the Leaf Hills or Leaf mountains of Minnesota.  Minnewaska acres in size Three public access 18 different kinds of fish species Just between the towns of Glenwood and Starbuck ort.html?downum= ort.html?downum=  Emily acres in size One public access 15 different species of fish Not far from glacial lakes Park Closest town is Hancock ort.html?downum= ort.html?downum=  Reno Two public access acres in size 15 different species of fish Right on the border of Douglas and Pope county ort.html?downum= ort.html?downum=

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