Other Christian Reform Movements Page 168 to 176

John Calvin’s Five Points  Humans are totally depraved  Cannot perform any acts that  their salvation  Unconditional election  People chosen before the creation of the world, not for what they had done, but out of God’s mercy  Limited atonement  Christ died in place of sinners, only the elect saved  God’s grace is irresistible  Holy Spirit’s power will overcome any obstacles  God’s saints persevere  God’s saving will can’t be opposed, God saves the elect

Anabaptists  Reformers who didn’t identify with Luther or Calvin  Mennonites  Founded by Menno Simons  Rejected Catholicism  Believed in adult baptism only  Rejected militancy, promoted pacifism  (literally belief in peace, usually meaning opposition to war  Devoted to the Bible  Known for dedication to social justice

Anglicanism  England broke away from being a Catholic nation under King Henry VIII  Henry wanted his marriage to Catherine of Aragon to be declared invalid so he could marry Anne Boleyn  Pope declined: Henry declared himself the head of the Church in England  There was much conflict between Catholics and non-Catholics, Christians on both sides were killed

Offshoots in Canada  United Church of Canada  Largest Reform tradition in Canada  Worship retains traditional Reformation format  Focus on the social gospel reaching out to people on the margins of society

Catholic Reformation  Some Catholics sympathized with concerns of the Reformers, rejected their use of separation  In response, Church began to renew itself  Pope Paul III called a Council: Trent (1545 to 1563)

Trent affirmed:  The importance of the teaching tradition in the Church as necessary in interpreting scriptures  Importance of seven sacraments  Emphasized faith AND good works  Insisted that priests needed improved education so that they would be better able to instruct and serve

Jesuits  The Society of Jesus  Founded by Ignatius of Loyola, 1540 in Spain  One of the most effective groups to counter the reformers  Jesuits first came to Canada in 1611

Religious Tolerance Begins  An idea becoming popular with the Enlightenment  Two aspects of tolerance  Between religions  By governments for different religions practiced in their countries  Enlightenment  in general opposed to religion  Catholic & Protestant conflict settled down  Official dialogue between Catholics & Protestants begins with Vatican II ( )

Recent Movements  Evangelicalism  18 th C. Protestants felt need for reform  In England  John & Charles Wesley  revive evangelical fervour of Early Protestant spirituality  Methodist Church, broke away from Anglican

In U.S., “The Great Awakening”  Evangelicalism  A call to personal conversion as a conscious experience  “being born again”  Key ideas:  Authority of the Bible  Emphasis in righteous behaviour  Baptism for adults only  De-emphasis on official church membership & formal creeds  Missionaries spread the Gospel

Fundamentalism  The Bible is without error  Christ is God  Jesus died for our sake on the cross  Reject Darwin’s theory of evolution in favour of the biblical story of creation

Liberalism  Finding common ground with modernity and its search for reason, with science, technology, and modern political structures  Some churches disagree with the union of Christianity and the modern world  One of the largest movements against liberal Christianity is Pentecostalism

Pentecostalism  The Bible is the Word of God without error  The Holy Spirit guides people on how to live  Teaches:  God’s judgment of the world & the message of Christ and the modern world won’t last  Waiting for 2 nd Coming at the end of history  People can be baptized in the Holy Spirit  Signs of Holy Spirit’s presence: tongues, slaying in the Spirit

Christianity Today  Christian Churches  Many things in common, but  Many contradictions  Contradictions lead to ambiguity & confusion  Most see the need for greater unity amid the diversity  Not to do away with all the differences  But with the contradictions & conflicts

The Ecumenical Movement  Toward unity among the churches  20 th C. Protestant Churches recognized the divisions within hurt the mission of the church  1910: World Missionary Conference, Edinburgh  THE BEGINNING OF THE ECUMENICAL MOVEMENT  1948: World Council of Churches formed