Japanese Feudalism Feudalism

Centralized Feudalism / a social, political, and economic system based on personal loyalties, class distinctions, and the granting of land rights.

Japan’s Feudal Social Structure Emperor / Emperor / Simply a figure head - Held no real political power / Emperor / Simply a figure head - Held no real political power

/ Shogun / military governor general — assumed the political power of the emperor and ruled with the support of a noble class of landowners / Shogun / military governor general — assumed the political power of the emperor and ruled with the support of a noble class of landowners Japan’s Feudal Social Structure Shogun Emperor / Emperor / Simply a figure head - Held no real political power / Emperor / Simply a figure head - Held no real political power

/ Shogun / military governor general — assumed the political power of the emperor and ruled with the support of a noble class of landowners / Shogun / military governor general — assumed the political power of the emperor and ruled with the support of a noble class of landowners Japan’s Feudal Social Structure Daimyo Shogun Emperor / Daimyo / great landholders — swore allegiance to the shogun, yet were also very powerful / Daimyo / great landholders — swore allegiance to the shogun, yet were also very powerful / Emperor / Simply a figure head - Held no real political power / Emperor / Simply a figure head - Held no real political power

/ Shogun / military governor general — assumed the political power of the emperor and ruled with the support of a noble class of landowners / Shogun / military governor general — assumed the political power of the emperor and ruled with the support of a noble class of landowners Japan’s Feudal Social Structure Samurai Daimyo Shogun Emperor / Samurai / warriors who swore allegiance to a daimyo or to the Shogun, and in return for the loyalty, they were given land grants / Samurai / warriors who swore allegiance to a daimyo or to the Shogun, and in return for the loyalty, they were given land grants / Daimyo / great landholders — swore allegiance to the shogun, yet were also very powerful / Daimyo / great landholders — swore allegiance to the shogun, yet were also very powerful / Emperor / Simply a figure head - Held no real political power / Emperor / Simply a figure head - Held no real political power

/ Shogun / military governor general — assumed the political power of the emperor and ruled with the support of a noble class of landowners / Shogun / military governor general — assumed the political power of the emperor and ruled with the support of a noble class of landowners Japan’s Feudal Social Structure Peasants Samurai Daimyo Shogun Emperor / Peasants / they worked the farms and made weapons. In return, the samurai gave them protection / Peasants / they worked the farms and made weapons. In return, the samurai gave them protection / Samurai / warriors who swore allegiance to a daimyo or to the Shogun, and in return for the loyalty, they were given land grants / Samurai / warriors who swore allegiance to a daimyo or to the Shogun, and in return for the loyalty, they were given land grants / Daimyo / great landholders — swore allegiance to the shogun, yet were also very powerful / Daimyo / great landholders — swore allegiance to the shogun, yet were also very powerful / Emperor / Simply a figure head - Held no real political power / Emperor / Simply a figure head - Held no real political power

/ Shogun / military governor general — assumed the political power of the emperor and ruled with the support of a noble class of landowners / Shogun / military governor general — assumed the political power of the emperor and ruled with the support of a noble class of landowners Japan’s Feudal Social Structure / Merchants / had low social status even though they held wealth / Merchants / had low social status even though they held wealth Peasants Samurai Daimyo Shogun Emperor / Peasants / they worked the farms and made weapons. In return, the samurai gave them protection / Peasants / they worked the farms and made weapons. In return, the samurai gave them protection / Samurai / warriors who swore allegiance to a daimyo or to the Shogun, and in return for the loyalty, they were given land grants / Samurai / warriors who swore allegiance to a daimyo or to the Shogun, and in return for the loyalty, they were given land grants / Daimyo / great landholders — swore allegiance to the shogun, yet were also very powerful / Daimyo / great landholders — swore allegiance to the shogun, yet were also very powerful / Emperor / Simply a figure head - Held no real political power / Emperor / Simply a figure head - Held no real political power Merchants

5 Steps to Order & Unity 1.Daimyo were required to live in the capital Edo every other year

5 Steps to Order & Unity 1.Daimyo were required to live in the capital Edo every other year. 2.the wives and children of Daimyo remained in Edo full time 1.Daimyo were required to live in the capital Edo every other year. 2.the wives and children of Daimyo remained in Edo full time

5 Steps to Order & Unity 1.Daimyo were required to live in the capital Edo every other year. 2.the wives and children of Daimyo remained in Edo full time 3.forbade Daimyo to repair castles without Shogun’s permission 1.Daimyo were required to live in the capital Edo every other year. 2.the wives and children of Daimyo remained in Edo full time 3.forbade Daimyo to repair castles without Shogun’s permission

5 Steps to Order & Unity 1.Daimyo were required to live in the capital Edo every other year. 2.the wives and children of Daimyo remained in Edo full time 3.forbade Daimyo to repair castles without Shogun’s permission 4.no Daimyo marriages without Shogun’s permission 1.Daimyo were required to live in the capital Edo every other year. 2.the wives and children of Daimyo remained in Edo full time 3.forbade Daimyo to repair castles without Shogun’s permission 4.no Daimyo marriages without Shogun’s permission

5 Steps to Order & Unity 1.Daimyo were required to live in the capital Edo every other year. 2.the wives and children of Daimyo remained in Edo full time 3.forbade Daimyo to repair castles without Shogun’s permission 4.no Daimyo marriages without Shogun’s permission 5.rigid social order with a strict moral code 1.Daimyo were required to live in the capital Edo every other year. 2.the wives and children of Daimyo remained in Edo full time 3.forbade Daimyo to repair castles without Shogun’s permission 4.no Daimyo marriages without Shogun’s permission 5.rigid social order with a strict moral code

Bushido / “the way of the warrior” / ethical ideal and moral attitudes of the Samurai class / “the way of the warrior” / ethical ideal and moral attitudes of the Samurai class

Bushido: The Seven Virtues / Gi / justice, fairness, equality / Gi / justice, fairness, equality

Bushido: The Seven Virtues / Gi / justice, fairness, equality / Yu / valor, courage, self discipline / Gi / justice, fairness, equality / Yu / valor, courage, self discipline

Bushido: The Seven Virtues / Gi / justice, fairness, equality / Yu / valor, courage, self discipline / Jin / benevolence, compassion, generosity / Gi / justice, fairness, equality / Yu / valor, courage, self discipline / Jin / benevolence, compassion, generosity

Bushido: The Seven Virtues / Gi / justice, fairness, equality / Yu / valor, courage, self discipline / Jin / benevolence, compassion, generosity / Rei / courtesy, respectfulness, politeness / Gi / justice, fairness, equality / Yu / valor, courage, self discipline / Jin / benevolence, compassion, generosity / Rei / courtesy, respectfulness, politeness

Bushido: The Seven Virtues / Gi / justice, fairness, equality / Yu / valor, courage, self discipline / Jin / benevolence, compassion, generosity / Rei / courtesy, respectfulness, politeness / Makoto / honesty, morality / Gi / justice, fairness, equality / Yu / valor, courage, self discipline / Jin / benevolence, compassion, generosity / Rei / courtesy, respectfulness, politeness / Makoto / honesty, morality

Bushido: The Seven Virtues / Gi / justice, fairness, equality / Yu / valor, courage, self discipline / Jin / benevolence, compassion, generosity / Rei / courtesy, respectfulness, politeness / Makoto / honesty, morality / Meiyo / honor, glory / Gi / justice, fairness, equality / Yu / valor, courage, self discipline / Jin / benevolence, compassion, generosity / Rei / courtesy, respectfulness, politeness / Makoto / honesty, morality / Meiyo / honor, glory

Bushido: The Seven Virtues / Gi / justice, fairness, equality / Yu / valor, courage, self discipline / Jin / benevolence, compassion, generosity / Rei / courtesy, respectfulness, politeness / Makoto / honesty, morality / Meiyo / honor, glory / Chugi / devotion, loyalty, dedication / Gi / justice, fairness, equality / Yu / valor, courage, self discipline / Jin / benevolence, compassion, generosity / Rei / courtesy, respectfulness, politeness / Makoto / honesty, morality / Meiyo / honor, glory / Chugi / devotion, loyalty, dedication

Seppuku / ritualized suicide or "living to die " / concerns itself with self- sacrifice / something beneficial should come out of this sacrifice of ones self or life / ritualized suicide or "living to die " / concerns itself with self- sacrifice / something beneficial should come out of this sacrifice of ones self or life

The Code of the Cowboy / What makes a good cowboy?

The Code of the Cowboy The Magnificent Seven The Code of Bushido The Seven Samurai

Gene Autry's Cowboy Code 1. The Cowboy must never shoot first, hit a smaller man, or take unfair advantage. 2. He must never go back on his word, or a trust confided in him. 3. He must always tell the truth. 4. He must be gentle with children, the elderly, and animals. 5. He must not advocate or possess racially or religiously intolerant ideas. 6. He must help people in distress. 7. He must be a good worker. 8. He must keep himself clean in thought, speech, action, and personal habits. 9. He must respect women, parents, and his nations laws. 1. The Cowboy must never shoot first, hit a smaller man, or take unfair advantage. 2. He must never go back on his word, or a trust confided in him. 3. He must always tell the truth. 4. He must be gentle with children, the elderly, and animals. 5. He must not advocate or possess racially or religiously intolerant ideas. 6. He must help people in distress. 7. He must be a good worker. 8. He must keep himself clean in thought, speech, action, and personal habits. 9. He must respect women, parents, and his nations laws.

Marine Code of Conduct / ARTICLE I: / I am an American, fighting in the forces which guard my country and our way of life. I am prepared to give my life in their defense. / ARTICLE II: / I will never surrender of my own free will. If in command, I will never surrender the members of my command while they still have the means to resist. / ARTICLE III: / If I am captured I will continue to resist by all means available. I will make every effort to escape and to aid others to escape. I will accept neither parole nor special favors from the enemy. / ARTICLE IV: / If I become a prisoner of war, I will keep faith with my fellow prisoners. I will give no information nor take part in any action which might be harmful to my comrades. If I am senior, I will take command. If not, I will obey lawful orders of those appointed over me and will back them in every way. / ARTICLE V: / When questioned, should I become a prisoner of war, I am required to give name, rank, service number, and date of birth. I will evade answering further questions to the utmost of my ability. I will make no oral or written statements disloyal to my country or its allies or harmful to their cause. / ARTICLE VI: / I will never forget that I am an American, fighting for freedom, responsible for my actions, and dedicated to the principles which made my country free / I will trust in my God and in the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. / ARTICLE I: / I am an American, fighting in the forces which guard my country and our way of life. I am prepared to give my life in their defense. / ARTICLE II: / I will never surrender of my own free will. If in command, I will never surrender the members of my command while they still have the means to resist. / ARTICLE III: / If I am captured I will continue to resist by all means available. I will make every effort to escape and to aid others to escape. I will accept neither parole nor special favors from the enemy. / ARTICLE IV: / If I become a prisoner of war, I will keep faith with my fellow prisoners. I will give no information nor take part in any action which might be harmful to my comrades. If I am senior, I will take command. If not, I will obey lawful orders of those appointed over me and will back them in every way. / ARTICLE V: / When questioned, should I become a prisoner of war, I am required to give name, rank, service number, and date of birth. I will evade answering further questions to the utmost of my ability. I will make no oral or written statements disloyal to my country or its allies or harmful to their cause. / ARTICLE VI: / I will never forget that I am an American, fighting for freedom, responsible for my actions, and dedicated to the principles which made my country free / I will trust in my God and in the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

Japan Looks Towards China / 600s / Japanese nobles sent directly to China / exchange last 200 years / students, monks, traders, official / 600s / Japanese nobles sent directly to China / exchange last 200 years / students, monks, traders, official

What is Selective Borrowing? / Japan selected the best parts of Chinese culture while preserving their own unique identity.

Things Borrowed From China / adopted the title “Heavenly Emperor” and claimed absolute power

Things Borrowed From China / built a capital, Nara, modeled on the Tang capital Changan ChanganNara

Things Borrowed From China / used Chinese characters in writing

Things Borrowed From China / adopted Buddhism, but retained traditional Shinto beliefs

What is the Heian Period? / , imperial court moved to Heian (modern Kyoto)

What is the Heian Period? / nobles followed and created a highly refined culture

Life in the Heian Period / gentlemen and ladies followed elaborate rituals and artistic pursuits

Life in the Heian Period / proper etiquette and appearance was important / women wore hair down to their ankles / blackened their teeth with cosmetics / dyed clothes to match seasons / proper etiquette and appearance was important / women wore hair down to their ankles / blackened their teeth with cosmetics / dyed clothes to match seasons

Life in the Heian Period / everyone was expected to write poetry and paint

Life in the Heian Period / nobles looked down on common people who did not participate in court refinement

The Great Wave at Kanagawa Nami-Ura from the Thirty-six Views of Fuji, by Katsushika Hokusai. c from the Thirty-six Views of Fuji, by Katsushika Hokusai. c

Tokugawa Shogunate Unites Japan / 1600: / Tokugawa Ieyasu defeated his rivals at the Battle of Sekigahara / 1600: / Tokugawa Ieyasu defeated his rivals at the Battle of Sekigahara

Tokugawa Shogunate Unites Japan / 1600: / Tokugawa Ieyasu defeated his rivals at the Battle of Sekigahara / victory earned him the loyalty of daimyo throughout Japan / 1600: / Tokugawa Ieyasu defeated his rivals at the Battle of Sekigahara / victory earned him the loyalty of daimyo throughout Japan

Tokugawa Shogunate Unites Japan / 1600: / Tokugawa Ieyasu defeated his rivals at the Battle of Sekigahara / victory earned him the loyalty of daimyo throughout Japan / 1603: / Ieyasu became the sole ruler, or shogun / 1600: / Tokugawa Ieyasu defeated his rivals at the Battle of Sekigahara / victory earned him the loyalty of daimyo throughout Japan / 1603: / Ieyasu became the sole ruler, or shogun

Exploration / Early 1500s, Portuguese establish trading outposts throughout Asia

Exploration / Early 1500s, Portuguese establish trading outposts throughout Asia / Early 1600s, Dutch drive out the Portuguese / Early 1500s, Portuguese establish trading outposts throughout Asia / Early 1600s, Dutch drive out the Portuguese

Exploration / Early 1500s, Portuguese establish trading outposts throughout Asia / Early 1600s, Dutch drive out the Portuguese / Europeans sail further east to Japan in search of more trade / Early 1500s, Portuguese establish trading outposts throughout Asia / Early 1600s, Dutch drive out the Portuguese / Europeans sail further east to Japan in search of more trade

Closing the Door: Tokugawa Isolation / 1638: instituted a “closed country policy” / remained isolated from Europe for 200 years / 1638: instituted a “closed country policy” / remained isolated from Europe for 200 years

Closing the Door: Tokugawa Isolation / 1638: instituted a “closed country policy” / remained isolated from Europe for 200 years / Japan outlaws Christianity in 1612 / 1638: instituted a “closed country policy” / remained isolated from Europe for 200 years / Japan outlaws Christianity in 1612

Closing the Door: Tokugawa Isolation / 1638: instituted a “closed country policy” / remained isolated from Europe for 200 years / Japan outlaws Christianity in 1612 / barred all Western merchants and ended foreign trade / 1638: instituted a “closed country policy” / remained isolated from Europe for 200 years / Japan outlaws Christianity in 1612 / barred all Western merchants and ended foreign trade

Closing the Door: Tokugawa Isolation / 1638: instituted a “closed country policy” / remained isolated from Europe for 200 years / Japan outlaws Christianity in 1612 / barred all Western merchants and ended foreign trade / forbid Japanese to travel abroad / 1638: instituted a “closed country policy” / remained isolated from Europe for 200 years / Japan outlaws Christianity in 1612 / barred all Western merchants and ended foreign trade / forbid Japanese to travel abroad

Closing the Door: Tokugawa Isolation / 1638: instituted a “closed country policy” / remained isolated from Europe for 200 years / Japan outlaws Christianity in 1612 / barred all Western merchants and ended foreign trade / forbid Japanese to travel abroad / outlawed building large ships / 1638: instituted a “closed country policy” / remained isolated from Europe for 200 years / Japan outlaws Christianity in 1612 / barred all Western merchants and ended foreign trade / forbid Japanese to travel abroad / outlawed building large ships

Reasons why Japan “closed the door” / learned how Spain had seized Philippines

Reasons why Japan “closed the door” / learned how Spain had seized Philippines / newcomers = invading force / learned how Spain had seized Philippines / newcomers = invading force

Reasons why Japan “closed the door” / learned how Spain had seized Philippines / newcomers = invading force / disliked competition among Christians missionaries / Protestant vs Catholic / learned how Spain had seized Philippines / newcomers = invading force / disliked competition among Christians missionaries / Protestant vs Catholic

Reasons why Japan “closed the door” / learned how Spain had seized Philippines / newcomers = invading force / disliked competition among Christians missionaries / Protestant vs Catholic / distrusted Christian loyalty to Pope (instead of Shogun) / learned how Spain had seized Philippines / newcomers = invading force / disliked competition among Christians missionaries / Protestant vs Catholic / distrusted Christian loyalty to Pope (instead of Shogun)

Tokugawa Japan The Shogunate capital of Edo was located in the rich fertile land of the Kanto Plain. The Shogun or vassals directly under him controlled the largest, most productive regions. A system of highways bound the shogun’s region together. The most important of these highways was the Tokaido or Eastern Sea route. Tokugawa consolidated power in strategic locations by giving control of the cities of Wakayama, Nagioya, and Mito to three of his sons.

The Tokaido Road / “Eastern Sea Road” / 320 miles in length / “Eastern Sea Road” / 320 miles in length

The Tokaido Road / “Eastern Sea Road” / 320 miles in length / ran between the old imperial capital, Kyoto, where the Emperor still lived, and Edo, where the Shogun lived / “Eastern Sea Road” / 320 miles in length / ran between the old imperial capital, Kyoto, where the Emperor still lived, and Edo, where the Shogun lived

The Tokaido Road / “Eastern Sea Road” / 320 miles in length / ran between the old imperial capital, Kyoto, where the Emperor still lived, and Edo, where the Shogun lived / The Fifty-Three Stations / horse and porter stations / a range of lodging and food establishments for travelers / “Eastern Sea Road” / 320 miles in length / ran between the old imperial capital, Kyoto, where the Emperor still lived, and Edo, where the Shogun lived / The Fifty-Three Stations / horse and porter stations / a range of lodging and food establishments for travelers

The Tokaido Road

End of the Tokugawa Era / American Admiral Perry arrives and “opens” Japan in 1853 / the Tokugawa Shogunate would fall by 1867 / American Admiral Perry arrives and “opens” Japan in 1853 / the Tokugawa Shogunate would fall by 1867