P-N Junctions Physical aspects of pn junctions Mathematical models Depletion capacitance Breakdown characteristics Basis for other devices Circuit Symbol.

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Presentation transcript:

P-N Junctions Physical aspects of pn junctions Mathematical models Depletion capacitance Breakdown characteristics Basis for other devices Circuit Symbol + V -

PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF THE PN JUNCTION

P-N Junctions N-type N D P-type N A

P-N Junctions N-type N D P-type N A

P-N Junctions N-type N D P-type N A Depletion Layer or Region

P-N Junctions N-type N D P-type N A Depletion Layer or Region Charge Density qN D -qN A

P-N Junctions N-type N D P-type N A Depletion Layer or Region Charge Density qN D -qN A Band Diagram

Electrostatics in PN Junction Charge Density qN D -qN A x  Q =  x

Electrostatics in PN Junction Charge Density qN D -qN A x x Electric Field Gauss' Law in 1 Dimension: Electric Field =  Q /   Q =  x

Electrostatics in PN Junction V bi = Built in Voltage Charge Density qN D -qN A x x x Electric Field Electron Potential Gauss' Law in 1 Dimension: Electric Field =  Q /   Q =  x

Why is this the Equilibrium Condition? V bi = built-in voltage = kT ln ( ) NANDNAND ni2ni2

Why is this the Equilibrium Condition? V bi = built-in voltage = kT ln ( ) NANDNAND ni2ni2 Too much V bi Too little V bi

P-N Junctions --- Diodes N-type N D P-type N A First-Principles Model

P-N Junctions --- Diodes N-type N D P-type N A First-Principles Model

P-N Junctions --- Diodes N-type N D P-type N A First-Principles Model Diode voltage (V) Diode current (nA)

P-N Junctions --- Diodes N-type N D P-type N A First-Principles Model

Applying Voltage to a Diode - V + FPFP FNFN Forward Bias

Applying Voltage to a Diode - V ++ V - FPFP FNFN FNFN FPFP Forward Bias Reverse Bias

Capacitance in pn Junctions

Diode voltage (V) Capacitance (fF) C j0

Breakdown Voltage

Caused by Avalanche Multiplication Due to reaching a critical electric field