14-16/05/2005 Beijing Workshop on China-CERN Cooperation Daicui Zhou 1 Activities in ALICE Daicui Zhou (for the Chinese Team) Brief Review on High Energy Heavy-Ion Physics in China Activities in ALICE Further Plan & Expectations Summary

14-16/05/2005 Beijing Workshop on China-CERN Cooperation Daicui Zhou 2 The Goals of High Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions To search for a new form of matter － QGP (deconfinement and chiral symmetry restoration) To explore the phase diagram of QCD matter New physics at TeV energies, e.g. CGC, exotic particles, etc. To give indication to the origin and evolution of the universe

14-16/05/2005 Beijing Workshop on China-CERN Cooperation Daicui Zhou 3 Brief Review on Chinese Participation in High Energy Heavy-Ion Experiments AGS/SPS/JINR programs ( ):  s=1.9GeV~17GeV – EMU01(1986): 3 Institutes, (IHEP, SXNU, CCNU) – E815(1986): 3 Institutes (IHEP, SXNU, CCNU) – EMU12 (1991): 4 Inst., 20 people (IHEP, Hunan U., SXNU, CCNU) – E863 (1990): (CCNU) –NA49 ( ) (CCNU) RHIC program (1999-)  s=62.4GeV~200GeV – PHENIX: 1 Institute, ~ 5 people ( CIAE, PKU) – STAR: 6 Institutes, ~ 50 people ( USTC, Tsinghua U,. SINR, IHEP, CCNU, IMP Lanzhou) (MRPC-TOF detector) LHC program (1993-)  s=5.5TeV – ALICE : 3 Institutes, ~ 30 people ( CIAE, CCNU, HUST) (Photon Spectrometer) In addition, as individual there are many people worked or working on experiments such as: –NA50, NA60, PHENIX, BRAHMS

14-16/05/2005 Beijing Workshop on China-CERN Cooperation Daicui Zhou 4 Activities in ALICE

14-16/05/2005 Beijing Workshop on China-CERN Cooperation Daicui Zhou 5 Research Activities and Achievements R&D PIN-Diodes (successfully passed the beam test) R&D PHOS Mechanics and production scheme DAQ system for PHOS beam test R&D Preamplifier 2004 PC Farm (26 nodes, 2.8GHz double CPUs,7TBytes) PHOS FEE (design, layout, manufacturing, testing in Wuhan and CERN for 12 FEEs ) MC study on ALICE/PHOS (Punch-through Effect, PHOS PID, Trigger Efficiency,  0 reconstruction, Di-muon invariant mass spectrum, etc.)

14-16/05/2005 Beijing Workshop on China-CERN Cooperation Daicui Zhou 6 PIN-Diodes in China R&D (CIAE) 17x17mm 2, high quantum efficiency, low current leakage

14-16/05/2005 Beijing Workshop on China-CERN Cooperation Daicui Zhou 7 Property Target Specification Tested result Leakage current of chips (25°C)< 5nA2-3nA Quantum efficiency(in nm)70-80%80% Diode capacitance(full depletion)< 150 pF pF Operating Voltage< 100 V50 V Noise level (full depletion, -25°C)~ 500 e~ e PIN specification Comparison

14-16/05/2005 Beijing Workshop on China-CERN Cooperation Daicui Zhou 8 FEE Requirements Large energy coverage :  100MeV-100GeV/c –High energy resolution at low energy region High precision APD bias voltage regulation TOF resolution:  1ns Trigger input to ALICE trigger system within 800 ns

14-16/05/2005 Beijing Workshop on China-CERN Cooperation Daicui Zhou 9 PHOS FEE Configuration (1) Aug.2002, Design in HUST & CCNU, Oslo

14-16/05/2005 Beijing Workshop on China-CERN Cooperation Daicui Zhou 10 FEE scheme (2) 2002 ， 11 ， 17 － 22 ； 2003 － 2004 专家代表团参观了清华大学，在华中师 大和华中科技大学详细讨论了 FEE 设计、 确定研制方案、进行仿真、派人到 CERN 研制 EVENT DATA ALICE DDL (optical) DAQ PC DCS Ethernet CONTROL ALICE Trigger System PHOS L0/L1 ALICE L0/L1/L2/TTC Optical links, coax PHOS power + bias 400V, 12V, 6V, 3.3V Cabling PWO crystals Counting room area 18-23/11,2002 CERN Delegation visited Tshinhua,CCNU and HUST,FEE meeting in Wuhan

14-16/05/2005 Beijing Workshop on China-CERN Cooperation Daicui Zhou 11 Final Version of FEE by China － CERN

14-16/05/2005 Beijing Workshop on China-CERN Cooperation Daicui Zhou 12 China － CERN design

14-16/05/2005 Beijing Workshop on China-CERN Cooperation Daicui Zhou 13 Shaper in FEE

14-16/05/2005 Beijing Workshop on China-CERN Cooperation Daicui Zhou 14 FEE Production in China

14-16/05/2005 Beijing Workshop on China-CERN Cooperation Daicui Zhou 15 FEE Production in China

14-16/05/2005 Beijing Workshop on China-CERN Cooperation Daicui Zhou 16 FEE Test at CERN

14-16/05/2005 Beijing Workshop on China-CERN Cooperation Daicui Zhou 17 FEE Test Results

14-16/05/2005 Beijing Workshop on China-CERN Cooperation Daicui Zhou Beam Test Results  (  0 )=4.7 MeV  (  0 )=8.4 MeV   + 12 C   0 + X  2  + X

14-16/05/2005 Beijing Workshop on China-CERN Cooperation Daicui Zhou 19 PC-Farm in CCNU/IOPP 计算节点 DELL PE1750*13 计算节点 DELL PE1750*13 7TB (146*15, 320*15) *2 *1

14-16/05/2005 Beijing Workshop on China-CERN Cooperation Daicui Zhou 20 DELL － nodes, Double CPU DELL － GHZ Fiber: 15×146GB IDE:15x320GB RAID Capacity ： 7TB PC-FARM in CCNU

14-16/05/2005 Beijing Workshop on China-CERN Cooperation Daicui Zhou 21 Further Plan & Expectations

14-16/05/2005 Beijing Workshop on China-CERN Cooperation Daicui Zhou 22 Schedule for FEE Mass Production 2005: –Mass production of 130 FEEs for the first ALICE/PHOS module before Oct –A test lab. for FEE and PHOS readout chain in : –Mass production and testing of FEEs for 2nd and 3rd PHOS modules 2007: –Mass production and testing of FEEs for 4th and 5th PHOS modules In addition, Installation and Integration of ALICE detector has being carried out by China from 2003 to 2007.

14-16/05/2005 Beijing Workshop on China-CERN Cooperation Daicui Zhou 23 Photon Sources in A+A Photons in A+A Direct PhotonsDecay Photons Non-thermalthermalHard+thermal Initial hard scattering Pre-equili- brium photons QGPHadron gas pQCD or prompt photons Interaction of hard parton with QGP 1) and 2) Medium induced photon bremsstrahlung

14-16/05/2005 Beijing Workshop on China-CERN Cooperation Daicui Zhou 24 Research Program in Physics  Energy reconstruction and Particle identification   0 and  spectra  Direct photon studies  Gamma-tagged jets  mix a  mix 0?0? 0!0!

14-16/05/2005 Beijing Workshop on China-CERN Cooperation Daicui Zhou 25 Contribution to ALICE and Pre-Term Research R&D PIN-Diodes 160 kCHF by NSFC PC-FARM 190 kCHF by CCNU ALICE Detector Installation & Integration ( , 5-7 technicians) 791 kCHF by Chinese Installation team R&D FEE 80 kCHF by CCNU & HUST Collaboration meeting 40 kCHF by NSFC, CMoE, CCNU, CIAE &HUST Common Funds 15 kCHF by CCNU FEE Test Platform 50 kCHF by CCNU &HUST Total spends 1326 kCHF Research and development of the ALICE PHOS detector has been carried out successfully with the solid supports from the Chinese government and the three institutes and universities.

14-16/05/2005 Beijing Workshop on China-CERN Cooperation Daicui Zhou 26 Expectations MoU to be signed by the Chinese government Further financial support from MoST, NSFC, CMoE and individual institutes to the FEE mass production, data taking and analysis Important discoveries come out from the ALICE in the near future ItemAmounts (kCHF) PHOS Front-end Electronics Cards700 Test Equipments100 Computing Grid (LCG)200 Physics Analysis200 Common Funds180 M&O (By the end of 2007)97 Total1477 (~ 10M RMB)

14-16/05/2005 Beijing Workshop on China-CERN Cooperation Daicui Zhou 27 Summary ALICE is physics frontier in next years which is expected to fully explore the properties of QCD matter With the support from NSFC, CMoE and the three institutes (CCNU, CIAE and HUST), Chinese ALICE team worked actively and productively on research and development of the ALICE/PHOS To achieve the physics goals as we supposed, further financial support from MoST, NSFC, CMoE and individual institutes are highly appreciated. We are looking forward to new discoveries in near future by the ALICE, which is the unique experiment dedicated to heavy ion physics at LHC.

14-16/05/2005 Beijing Workshop on China-CERN Cooperation Daicui Zhou 28 Thanks !