Domain Bacteria: Eubacteria Domain Archea: Archaebacteria

Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Previously called Monera Prokaryotes No Nucleus, No membrane bound organelles

6 Major Kingdoms: Protista Fungi Planta Animalia prokaryotes Unicell, and multicelled Mostly Multicellular, heterotrophs Muticelled, autotrophs Muticelled heterotrophs Archaebacteria Eubacteria Domain Eukaryote Protista Fungi Planta Animalia

Bacteria Kingdom Characteristics: Archaebacteria Extremists Saline (salt) habitats Hot sulfur springs Eubacteria Heterotrophs Parasites Saprobes Nitrogen fixation Photosynthetic autotrophs

Penicillin Mold (Fungus)

Penicillin Mold Kills Bacteria First “Antibiotic” Alexander Fleming discovered in 1928 Penicillin inhibits the growth of bacteria

Macrophage (white blood cell) engulfs a bacterium in the immune system

Bacteria Structure:

Classified by Shape, Size, Staining, Environment, & Color

Streptococcus Bacteria

Below: Cynobacteria and Salmonella Autotroph Bacteria Flagellated Bacteria

Spiral or Spirilli Bacteria Example: Syphilis-STD

Bacilli Bacteria Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis: Bacterial Infection

Bacterial Reproduction: Genetic Recombination (Sexual) Conjugation Exchange of DNA Variety Asexual Binary fission No Variety

Aerobic Bacteria require oxygen & can make cavities!

Helpful in the intestines Harmful in other parts of the body Anaerobic Bacteria live without oxygen, in our intestines & may be in polluted waters E. Coli from human feces Helpful in the intestines Harmful in other parts of the body

Endospores Thick Walled structures which keep bacteria in a Dormant state No reproduction during this time Metabolic activity is shut down Protects bacteria against hostile environments “Come back to life” with favorable conditions

Bacteria can be Helpful and Harmful Nitrogen fixation Decomposition Used to make Food Harmful Bacteria Cause Diseases

Making Cheese with Bacteria

?Life on Mars?

NASA/Science Source/Photo Researchers, Inc. This meteorite was probably blasted off of the surface of the planet Mars about 16 million years ago by an impact with an asteroid and travelled through space to the earth, where it landed on Antarctica about 13,000 years ago. Some scientists believe that the rod-shaped structures across the top and center of this image may be tiny fossilized bacteria. Many other scientists believe that the structures were formed by processes other than life. NASA/Science Source/Photo Researchers, Inc. "Martian Meteorite ALH84001," Microsoft® Encarta® Encyclopedia 2000. © 1993-1999 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Bacteria Cultures: Inoculate = to place Agar = culture medium (nutrients) One colony (circle)= billions of bacteria A colony begins from one bacterium Incubate at 37oC= body temperature

Genetic Engineering of Insulin

The End