Psychology A History of Psychology (1:3). Roots From Ancient Greece ► Plato, Socrates, and “Know thyself”  Introspection – “looking within”  Socrates.

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A History of Psychology

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Presentation transcript:

Psychology A History of Psychology (1:3)

Roots From Ancient Greece ► Plato, Socrates, and “Know thyself”  Introspection – “looking within”  Socrates > Plato > Aristotle ► Aristotle – People are programmed to seek pleasure and avoid pain  Peri Psyches “About the Mind” ► How is it a book written 2,000 years ago is still relevant?

Roots From Ancient Greece ► Supernatural forces?  Punishment by Gods ► Hippocrates – abnormalities of the brain  Hippocratic Oath  Of the minority

The Middle Ages ► Demonic possession / Witchcraft  Ready explanation ► Middle Age theory testing  Sink or Swim: Does It Really Matter?

The Birth of Modern Science ► Copernicus  Sun does not revolve around the Earth ► Newton  Gravity and motion ► Locke  Knowledge is not inborn, it is learned ► Lavoisier  Chemistry

Laboratory Science ► Psychologists took their study into laboratories for intensified study ► Psychology recognized as a science

William Wundt ► Structuralism – Discovering the basic elements of conscious experience  Objective sensations – sight / taste  Subjective feelings – emotional responses / mental images ► Apple Example  “Because of its appleness”

William James and Functionalism ► The Principles of Psychology  Experience cannot be broken down, it is fluid ► Functionalism – How do mental processes help organisms adapt to their environment?  Behavior patters are learned and maintained when they are successful ► Formation of habits  Is everything habitual?

John B. Watson and Behaviorism ► His middle name was Broadus ► Consciousness is unscientific to study, it applies in private to that organism which is experiencing it  How broad of a topic is consciousness?  If psychology were to be considered a science it could only study observable behavior

B.F. Skinner and Reinforcement ► People learn in the same way animals do  Rewards for doing things ► What motivates (rewards) people?

The Gestalt School ► Interpretation on information ► Gestalt – shape or form  Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, Wolfgang Kohler ► The Gestalt School rejects the notion that experience can be broken down into parts (Structuralism) ► Also reject behaviorists views that learning is mechanical (Gestalt identifies with active and involved learning)

Gestalt ► Problem solving is accomplished by insight  Insight – Reorganization of perceptions ► Appearance of the Gestalt

Freud and Psychoanalysis ► Unconscious motives and internal conflicts in determination of behavior  Dream interpretation  Slips of the tongue ► Freud did all his work with patients  Sexual and aggressive urges undermine all decision making

Freud and Psychoanalysis ► You are controlled by your conflicting impulses, urges, and wishes  Must come up with socially acceptable ways of satisfying these urges ► People ultimately want to be good