ELECTRICITY l The purpose of an X-ray unit is to convert electric energy into: l ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY of the x-ray beam.

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Presentation transcript:

ELECTRICITY

l The purpose of an X-ray unit is to convert electric energy into: l ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY of the x-ray beam

TYPES OF ELECTRIC ENERGY CONVERSION l Recharging a car battery converts electric energy into chemical energy l table saw converts into mechanical energy l Kitchen appliances converts to thermal energy

ELECTROSTATICS l Matter has: l mass l form l energy l (may also have:)electric charge l ELECTRIC CHARGE l Positive and negative l Electron and Proton

ELECTRON AND PROTON l Electrons can travel from outer shell of one atom to another easily l Protons cannot travel easily or at all because they are fixed in the nucleus l

THEREFORE: ELECTRIC CHARGE IS PRIMARILY ASSOCIATED WITH ELECTRONS

ELECTROSTATICS l The study of electric charges in stationary form. l Static electricity!!!

ELECTRIFICATION ELECTRIFIED!!! l An object which as too many or two few electrons is considered to be electrified. l “The transfer of electrons from one object to another causes the first object to be positively electrified and the second object to be negatively electrified” page 76

CAUSES OF ELECTRIFICATION l Contact l Friction l Induction l Person to object l Balloon l Lightning

GROUND l Electrically neutral object which acts as a reservoir for electric charges l

COULOMB (C) l Because the charge of an electron is too small to measure, a fundamental measuring unit for electric charge is 1 C or l 6.3 x 10 to the eighteenth power electron charges

ELECTROSTATIC LAWS l Like charges repel l unlike charges attract l Both form an electric field l Positive field radiates outward l Negative field radiate inward

ELECTOSTATIC FORCE IS THE REPULSION OR ATTRACTION BETWEEN CHARGES DUE TO THE ELECTRIC FIELD

COULOMB’S LAW: THE GREATER THE ELECTROSTATIC CHARGES FOR EITHER OBJECT, THE GREATER THE ELECTROSATIC FORCE

COULOMB’S LAW: THE FORCE IS STRONGER WHEN OBJECTS ARE CLOSER, WEAKER WITH THE INCREASE OF DISTANCE

ELECTRIC CHARGE DISTRIBUTION l ELECTRIC CHARGES ARE UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED THROUGHOUT THE OBJECT OR ON ITS SURFACE

ELECTRIC CHARGE CONCENTRATION l THE ELECTRIC CHARGE OF A CONDUCTOR IS CONCENTRATED ALONG THE SHARPEST CURVATURE OF ITS SURFACE.

ELECTRODYNAMICS WHAT IS IT? l Study of Charges in Motion l AKA: Electricity!!!!!!

l FLOW OF ELECTRONS=ELECTRIC CURRENT l THE FLOW THE ELECTRONS IS OPPOSITE THE CURRENT l ELECTRONS FLOW EASILY THROUGH CONDUCTORS

l Insulators impede the flow of electrons. l Semiconductors do both!! l Superconductivity: some material display no resistance below a critical temperature

Four States of Electrical Matter l Superconductor l Conductor l Semiconductor l Insulator

Electric Circuits l Electrons flow along outer surface of wire. When the path is closed and resistance can be controlled, this is known as an electric circuit.