Myers’ Psychology for AP David G. Myers Worth Publishers, © 2010.

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Presentation transcript:

Myers’ Psychology for AP David G. Myers Worth Publishers, © 2010

Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches What is Psychology? Contemporary Psychology

What movies have you seen with professional psychologists as characters? kind of work done? area of specialty? how realistic was characterization?

What is Psychology?

Prescientific Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Ancient Greeks Socrates (knowledge is innate) Plato (like Socrates, used logic & opinions) Aristotle (instead, derived principles from observation) How did each view knowledge? LO #1

Prescientific Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Rene Descartes (tried to explain human functioning but with theories & opinions) Francis Bacon (introduced science to study of human functioning) John Locke (tabula rasa is a blank slate on which experience writes) empiricism

Psychology’s Roots Psychological Science is Born, p. 4 Wilhelm Wundt (1879) what happened? (rte) where? (UL) how measured? (hear sound, press key) LO #2

Psychology developed into three different branches, or schools of thought structuralism (structural elements) functionalism (functions) behaviorism (observable behavior)

Psychology’s Roots Thinking About the Mind’s STRUCTURE (1890s) Edward Titchener Structuralism what was it? method? introspection

Psychology’s Roots Thinking About the Mind’s FUNCTION (1890s) William James (different from Titchener how?) functionalism Mary Calkins (3 facts) Margaret Floy Washburn experimental psychology -

A test of how you react to unexpected situations Q#1: What did you experience when you learned of the “pop” quiz? Q#2: Which thoughts and emotions were helpful toward performance? harmful? Q#3: What steps might you take to overcome anxiety when faced with unexpected situations? Unit 1 Pop Quiz Unit 1 Pop Quiz (get a piece of paper)

Exercise: Psychologist as Scientist (p. 6) List three adjectives that describe a typical psychologist. List three adjectives that describe a typical scientist.

art chemistry ___1_________2_________3_________4_________5_________6_________7___ philosophy physics Science: Where is Psychology?

Psychological Science Develops (1920s) Sigmund Freud (childhood experiences and unconscious thought processes affect behavior) LO #3 sex violence

Psychological Science Develops (1960s) Behaviorism John B. Watson B.F. Skinner (reinforcement theory [M&Ms]) “study of observable behavior” fidgets

GET + GET something REMOVE - REMOVE something

“you be the parent” (e.g., chores, homework, curfew, etc.) Behavior EncouragedBehavior Suppressed Stimulus presented + (get) Stimulus removed or withheld – (remove)

Psychological Science Develops 1960s Humanistic psychology Carl Rogers (environmental influences, need for love and acceptance) Abraham Maslow (hierarchy of needs) ** hypocrisy of humanism at UWO **

Role Play humanistic counselor (person-centered) and client

Psychological Science Develops 1960s Cognitive Neuroscience (study of brain functioning)Cognitive Neuroscience examples... and my personal favorite... cognitive-behavioral theory

Think / Feel / Do StressfulPeaceful Example: Cut off by speeding, reckless motorist! Wronged Anger REVENGE! 8 th Comm. Accepting / Peaceful Christian LOVE ThoughtFeelingAction Sinful (Old Adam) Godly ( New Man )

Assignment: In the next 24 hours, recall two occurrences when you recognize and then intentionally restructure your emotional response to a cognitive event. Prepare to share one in class.

Psychological Science Develops Psychology, p. 7Psychology behavior (give four examples) mental processes (list five) science (describe the scientific process)

Contemporary Psychology

Psychology’s Biggest Question Nature-Nurture Issue biology vs. experience history Greeks Rene Descartes Charles Darwin natural selection LO #4

1. Count off by ’s, 2’s, etc., group up by number. 3. In two minutes, prepare a 30-second group response for your debate topic on p. 9.

Psychology’s Three Main Levels of Analysis Levels of Analysis, p. 10 biological – psychological – social-cultural – Together, they form an integrated biopsychosocial approach LO #5

Psychology’s Three Main Levels of Analysis

question on bottom p. 11

Psychological Approaches/Perspectives biological evolutionary psychodynamic behavioral cognitive humanistic social-cultural how observable responses are acquired and changed how observable responses are acquired and changed how behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures how behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures how the body and brain work to create emotions, memories, and sensory experiences how the body and brain work to create emotions, memories, and sensory experiences how behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts how behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts how we encode, process, store and retrieve information how we encode, process, store and retrieve information how we meet our needs for love and acceptance, and achieve self-fulfillment how we meet our needs for love and acceptance, and achieve self-fulfillment how the natural selection of traits promoted the survival of genes how the natural selection of traits promoted the survival of genes

Psychology’s Subfields psychometrics difference between basic and applied research? LO #6

biological psychology developmental psychology educational psychology personality psychology social psychology basic research investigates persistent traits investigates persistent traits studies changing abilities throughout the life span studies changing abilities throughout the life span explores how we view and affect one another explores how we view and affect one another studies influences on teaching and learning studies influences on teaching and learning explores link between brain and behavior explores link between brain and behavior

industrial/organizational psychology human factors psychology counseling psychology clinical psychology psychiatry applied research helps people cope with adjustments, challenges, and crises used in the workplace to help companies select and train employees used in the workplace to help companies select and train employees medical doctors who may prescribe drugs in treatment medical doctors who may prescribe drugs in treatment assesses and treats mental, emotional, and behavior disorders assesses and treats mental, emotional, and behavior disorders focuses on interaction of people, machines, and physical environments focuses on interaction of people, machines, and physical environments

Organize groups, assign theoretical orientation and discuss case study (today) Groups of 3-4: In less than two minutes: 1) overview assigned theory, 2) explain case study behavior, and 3) describe likely treatment plan for client (Monday) Competition Review (Tuesday) Unit 1 Test (Wednesday) Review the Test / Intro. Unit 2 (Thursday) Unit 1 Conclusion

Video: Vol. 1, DVD2, Psychological Disorders #2 Postpartum Psychosis: The Case of Andrea Yates (7:00)

Set 5 Biological / Neuroscience – Behaviorism – Humanistic psychology – Evolutionary psychology – Psychoanalysis / psychodynamic – Developmental psychology – Cognitive psychology – Behavior of Andrea Yates (p. 9)

Set 6 Biological / Neuroscience – Behaviorism – Humanistic psychology – Evolutionary psychology – Psychodynamic psychology – Developmental psychology – Cognitive psychology – Behavior of Andrea Yates (p. 9)

Colossians 2:8 See to it that no one takes you captive through hollow and deceptive philosophy, which depends on human tradition and the basic principles of this world rather than on Christ.