COMPUTER HARDWARE 1. Computer System: End user & Enterprises computing 2. Computer peripherals: Input, Output & Storage

C OMPUTER H ARDWARE

C OMPUTER S YSTEMS : E ND U SER AND E NTERPRISE USER Computer system is a complete, working computer.

C OMPUTER S YSTEMS : E ND U SER AND E NTERPRISE USER End user: An end-user of a computer system is one who does not have any significant contact with the developer of the system. Enterprise Computing: The main objectives of enterprise computing is to integrated a company`s primary functions (such as production, scales, services, inventory control, and accounting) to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and help managers make key decisions.

T YPES OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS Different types of computer systems are nowadays available for different purposes according the user needs. Categories such as mainframe, midrange computers and microcomputers are still used to help us express the relative processing power and number of end user that can be support by different types of computer.

M ICROCOMPUTER SYSTEMS Microcomputers are the most important category of computer systems for businesspeople and consumers. Some microcomputer are powerful workstation computer (technical workstations) that support applications with heavy mathematical computing and graphics display demands such as computer-aided design (CAD) in engineering, or investment and portfolio analysis in the securities industry. Some use as network servers.

M ICROCOMPUTER SYSTEMS Network computers: Network computers are low-cost, networked microcomputers with no or minimal disk storage. User of NCs depends primarily on internet and intranet servers for their operating system and Web browser, Java-enabled application software, and data access storage.

M ICROCOMPUTER SYSTEMS Information Appliances: Information appliances include wireless PDAs and internet-enabled cellular and PCS phones. It also include wired, telephone-based home appliances that can send and receive s and access the Web.

M IDRANGE C OMPUTER S YSTEMS Midrange systems are primarily high-end network servers and other types of servers that can handle the large scale processing of many business applications. Although not as powerful as mainframe computers, they are less costly to buy, operate, and maintain than mainframe systems and thus meet the computing needs of many organizations.

M IDRANGE C OMPUTER S YSTEMS

M AINFRAME C OMPUTER S YSTEMS Mainframe computers continue to handle the information processing needs of major corporations and government agencies with high transaction processing volumes or complex computational problems. Examples, major international banks, airlines, oil companies, and other large corporations.

M AINFRAME C OMPUTER S YSTEMS

C OMPUTER P ERIPHERALS INPUT OUTPUT AND STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES

C OMPUTER P ERIPHERALS Peripherals is the generic name given to all input, output and secondary storage devices that are part of a computer system but not part of the CPU. Peripherals devices are those that are help you to communicate with the Central Processing Unit of a computer systems.

I NPUT T ECHNOLOGIES Pointing Devices: Touch pads mouse

I NPUT T ECHNOLOGIES Pointing Devices: Trackball

I NPUT T ECHNOLOGIES Pen-Based Computing: WristPDA

I NPUT T ECHNOLOGIES Speech Recognition Systems:

I NPUT T ECHNOLOGIES Optical Scanning: LCD Scanner

I NPUT T ECHNOLOGIES Bar coding to manage inventory: Bar code reader Bar code

O THER I NPUT T ECHNOLOGIES Magnetic stripe:

O UTPUT T ECHNOLOGIES Video Output: CRT Monitor LCD Monitor

O UTPUT T ECHNOLOGIES Printed Output:

S TORAGE T RADE -O FFS o Storage devices are those hardware devices designed to store information. o These devices are divided into two main types. 1.Primary storage device 2.Secondary storage device

P RIMARY S TORAGE DEVICES They are also known as internal memory and main memory. These devices holds memory for shorter period of time. This type of storage is the fastest type of memory in your computer and is used to store data while it's being used.

S EMICONDUCTOR M EMORY Semiconductor memory is an electronic data storage device It is often used as a computer memory, implemented on a semiconductor-based integrated chips. It provides the computer working storage which it needs to process any applications. Specialized memory help improve computer’s performance.

RAM (R ANDOM A CCESS M EMORY ): RAM is the basic type of Semiconductor memory. It can both read and write, so it is called read/write memory. It is a volatile memory.

ROM (R EAD ONLY MEMORY ) ROM is a non-volatile memory and used for permanent storage. It can be read but not erased or over written.

F LASH MEMORY It is the newest and most innovative form of storage that uses semiconductor memory. It is a non-volatile memory.

S ECONDARY STORAGE DEVICES They are also known as external memory and auxiliary storage. Secondary storage is a storage medium that holds information until it is deleted or overwritten regardless if the computer has power.

M AGNETIC DISKS They are the most common form of secondary storage for computer system. They provide fast access and high storage capacities at a reasonable cost.

T YPES OF M AGNETIC DISKS There are several types of magnetic disks. But the two main types are: Floppy Disks Hard Disk Drives

M AGNETIC T APES Magnetic tape is still being used as a secondary storage medium in business applications. Magnetic tape devices include tape reels and cartridges in mainframes and mid-range systems. It can hold more than 200 mega bytes.

OPTICAL DISKS TECHNLOGIES: CD-ROM:DVD-ROM:

Semi- conductor Memory Magnetic Disks Optical Disks Magnetic Tapes Primary Storage Secondary Storage Access Speed Increases Storage Capacity decreases Cost per Byte increases Note how cost increases with faster access speeds but decreases with the increased capacity of storage media

N EW A MAZING F UTURE C OMPUTER

C OMPUTER IN 2020

D OMINANT O RIENTED S TRATEGIC T EAM - MATE Huzaifa Tariq 4107 Arslan Ashraf 4119 Sheikh Waleed 4240 Hamza Tariq Khan 4122 Osama Hamid 4130