Fascism Rises in Europe 15-3

Faith Lost Countries lose faith in democracy because of worldwide depression – Turn to extremism

Fascism Military political movement emphasizing loyalty to state & obedience to its leader – Promise to revive economy, punish those responsible, restore nationalistic pride

Italy Unemployment, fear of Communism, social unrest

Benito Mussolini Wants to revive economy and rebuild armed forces Wear black shirts, attack Communists on streets

Mussolini in Power Abolishes democracy Outlaws political parties except Fascist Secret Police Censorship

Adolf Hitler WWI German soldier – 2 Iron Crosses for bravery Joins Nazi party Adolf Hitler becomes der Furer (the leader) – Writes Mein Kampf

Nazi Party Overturn of Treaty of Versailles and fight Communism Support middle & lower middle class Adopt swastika Storm Troopers/Brownshirts – militia

Mein Kampf My struggle – Nazi blueprint – Aryans = master race – Jews = subhuman – Need more lebensraum (living space) – Conquer Eastern Europe and Russia

Chancellor Hitler President Hindenburg names Hitler Chancellor – Reichstag burns down (Communists blamed) – Hitler takes away freedoms and takes absolute dictatorial power

Hitler Propaganda Social Darwinism – Nietzsche philosophies = brute force – glorify war S.S. – protection squad – Murder hundreds of Hitler enemies Gestapo – Nazi secret police – Terrorize Germany

Germany Millions put to work, build up country and military – From 6 million unemployed to 1.5 in 4 yrs

War on Jews Jews less than 1% of population Scapegoats for all problems Rights taken away – Violence vs Jews

Kristallnacht Night of the Broken Glass – Nazi’s attack Jews and destroy property – Signals elimination of Jews from German life

World Powerful nations are 1.Democratic 2.Totalitarian - Fascists willing to use military force