Fall Of Rome Fall of Rome: Problems: Map pg 161 Loss of loyalty to empire/ emperor Wasted $, $ flowing out of empire through trade Civil war for power- armies fight each other, rich vs. poor, political offices a burden, corruption Borders overrun, trade not safe, business collapses, agriculture problems, drought- ruins economy 376- 476 AD Germanic tribes pour into Roman territory, overwhelming Roman control. Many in flight from the ruthless Mongol invaders from the east, The Huns 410 Germanic tribe- Visigoths- attacks Rome and defeats it 450’s Attacks by the Huns and Germanic tribes Territory broken up 476 Last Roman Emperor overthrown.

Fall Of Rome

Results of Germanic Invasion 400’s Germanic Tribes overrun Europe Disruption of Trade- business collapses, money is scarce Population shift- people are run out of the cities, subsistence farming (population chart pg 317) Decline in learning- no schools, no reading or writing, no speaking Greek Language changes- Latin splits into other languages- French, Spanish, Italian emerge 400-600 Small Germanic kingdoms arise- ever-changing borders Loyalty to family and community- not to state/empire Germanic cultural stress on personal ties make empire impossible

496-600. Clovis- Frankish King converts to Christianity- 496-600 Clovis- Frankish King converts to Christianity- Church supports him and his military campaigns- missionaries sent out- many Germanic peoples converted – controls most of modern day France 732 Battle of Tours- Frankish King (France) Defeats Muslim army and stops expansion into Europe Monasteries and Convents- Religious communities- Men and women who gave life to serving God Became centers of learning- opened schools, maintained libraries, copied books, wrote history Role of the Pope- 590 Spiritual head also has political power Center of Rome’s govt (city) Negotiates peace treaties Uses church $ to raise armies, repair roads, build buildings and help the poor

Meanwhile: Byzantine(pg267) The eastern empire under the name Byzantine is flourishing 330 Constantine moves seat of power east to Constantinople- builds mighty capital 533 Justianian- recaptures much of previous Rome- Italy, North Africa, some of Spain. Spoke Greek not Latin Eastern Orthodox church develops separate from the western Catholicism Justianian Code- 5000 laws complied from Rome Education is preserved- children go to monastic schools, public schools, or have tutors. Study Greek, Latin, History, Art and Literature Problems within- Plague, continuous military attacks 550’s- 1300’s Continuous military attacks from all sides- Early on- Avars, Slavs, and Bulgars in the North, Lombards in the west, Persians on the east, Later- Russians from North, Turks and Arabs from the east. 1350 Controls only the tip of Anatolia 1453 Constantinople falls to the Turks

Byzantine Empire

Meanwhile - Russia (map pg 275) North of the Byzantine empire- inhabited by Slavic tribes of farmers and traders- People from north (probably Vikings) came and settled (mixed with population) Kiev- becomes Principality (small area ruled by a prince) becomes major trading route with Constantinople, Kiev converts to Eastern Orthodox Christianity

Meanwhile- Islam emerges 613 Muhammad preaches publicly in Mecca- gets run out gathers following in Medina (pg 241) Monotheism- Allah (same God of Jews/Christians) He was the last of the prophets Jesus was a prophet Good and evil exist, live morally Quaran/ Koran- final holy book 5 duties- faith, prayer, fasting, alms, pilgrimage 630 Returns to Mecca with following 10,000. Mecca surrenders many convert Muhammad dies- New Leader elected- Caliph- becomes head of military Shite/ Sunni split over who should be Caliph 634 Controls all of Arabia

750 Conquest continues- Controls North Africa, Spain, middle east, southwest Asia (map of page 241) Legacies- Huge trade network- Mediterranean sea and Indian ocean Common language- Arabic, Common currency- dinar Creation of banks, credit, issuing of sakk (check) Immense achievements in arts and sciences Collection of poets, philosophers, scientists, doctors Rise of cities

Islam