Essential Question: Champion of the “Common Man”? “King” Andrew? OR

Voting Requirements in the Early 19c

Voter Turnout:

Why Increased Democratization? 3 White male suffrage increased 3 Party nominating committees. 3 Voters chose their state’s slate of Presidential electors. 3 Spoils system. 3 Rise of Third Parties. 3 Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.)

The “Common Man’s” Presidential Candidate

Results of the 1824 Election A “Corrupt Bargain?”

Jackson’s Opponents in 1824 Henry Clay [KY] John Quincy Adams [MA] John C. Calhoun [SC]

1828 Election Results

The Reign of “King Mob”

The Center of Population in the Country Moves WEST

The New “Jackson Coalition” 3 The Planter Elite in the South 3 People on the Frontier 3 State Politicians – spoils system 3 Immigrants in the cities.

Jackson’s Faith in the “Common Man” 3I3I3I3Intense distrust of Eastern “establishment,” monopolies, & special privilege. 3H3H3H3His heart & soul was with the “plain folk.” 3B3B3B3Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements.

Andrew Jackson as President

Webster: Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable. Jackson: Our Federal Union—it must be preserved. Calhoun: The Union, next to our liberty, most dear.

1832 Tariff Conflict South hated tariffSouth hated tariff South Carolina says they can’t afford tariffSouth Carolina says they can’t afford tariff Jackson increases tariffJackson increases tariff V.P. John C. Calhoun from SCV.P. John C. Calhoun from SC Calhoun quits as VP to become SC SenatorCalhoun quits as VP to become SC Senator

Nullification Calhoun leads the fight to nullify the tariff.Calhoun leads the fight to nullify the tariff. Jackson doesn’t think the states can do thisJackson doesn’t think the states can do this S.C. threatens to secede if the tariff isn’t decreasedS.C. threatens to secede if the tariff isn’t decreased Jackson threatens to invade and hang every traitor in S.C.Jackson threatens to invade and hang every traitor in S.C. S.C. doesn’t want to test JacksonS.C. doesn’t want to test Jackson Henry Clay helps negotiate a reduced tariff.Henry Clay helps negotiate a reduced tariff.

The Cherokee Nation Prevalent in Georgia Had Constitution Had Congressional Districts Had Supreme Court Not disturbing U.S. Had Schools Highly Sophisticated Gov’t. modeled after U.S. Took a lot of land. People wanted land to grow Cotton

Indian Removal –Georgia tells Cherokees to get out –Cherokees sue; Supreme Ct. sides with them but Jackson disregards the decision. –Sign that U.S. Interests come before Indian Interests –Cannot have separate Indian Nations within the U.S. –Indian Removal – 1830 – 1839

The Cherokee Nation After 1820

Indian Removal

Trail of Tears ( )

Trail of Tears –Trail of Tears (“Nuna dual tsuny” – Cherokee Phrase – “This is the trail where tears are shed”) 25 % Die; About ,000 Forced to leave to go 1000 Miles Attacked along the way; things stolen No Doctors Native Americans leaving their area. About NJ to Western Ohio

Jackson’s Professed “Love” for Native Americans

The National Bank Debate Nicholas Biddle President Jackson

The National Bank Debate Nicholas Biddle President Jackson National Bank needs to be careful who it gives loans to. The bank should work work to control the economy. Banks should provide loans to the common man who really need them. If the National Bank is not working for the people it should be destroyed.

Opposition to the 2 nd B.U.S. “Soft” (paper) $ “Hard” (specie) $ 3s3s3s3state bankers felt it restrained their banks from issuing bank notes freely. 3s3s3s3supported rapid economic growth & speculation. 3f3f3f3felt that coin was the only safe currency. 3d3d3d3didn’t like any bank that issued bank notes. 3s3s3s3suspicious of expansion & speculation.

The “Monster” Is Destroyed! 3 “pet banks”  Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2 nd National Bank of the United States  the charter expired  the bank went bankrupt!

The Downfall of “Mother Bank”

An 1832 Whig Party Cartoon: Cartoon: “King Andrew”? An 1832 Whig Party Cartoon: Cartoon: “King Andrew”?

1832 Election Results Main Issue?

The Specie Circular (1836) 3 “wildcat banks.” 3 buy future federal land only with gold or silver. 3 Jackson’s goal?

Results of the Specie Circular $Banknotes loose their value. $Land sales plummeted. $Credit not available. $Businesses began to fail. $Unemployment rose. The Panic of 1837! The Panic of 1837!

The 1836 Election Results Martin Van Buren “Old Kinderhook” [O. K.]

The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!