Not as easy as black and white

 Black Codes: laws enacted primarily in the South to restrict rights of freed slaves  Continued legal discrimination  Couldn’t vote, hold public office; often served as apprentices working for whites

 Jim Crow Laws: social segregation laws that segregated the races in public places  Examples???  Schools  Restrooms  Restaurants  Drinking Fountains  Busing

 How did they resist these Jim Crow Laws in the South???  Civil Disobedience: peaceful, non- violent protests  Examples???

 Selective Service Act: requires men ages to register for the draft  Opposition: Argued that it violated the 13 th Amendment which makes “involuntary servitude” illegal  Courts ruled that the law was developed in regards to slavery and men are still required to register for the draft

 Selective Service Act  What happens if you don’t register for the draft?  Unable to receive federal benefits and take advantage of federal programs, e.g. student loans for college  Rostker vs. Goldberg  Exempts women from registration for the draft

 Segregation based on a disease: Ryan White  Diagnosed with AIDS (1984) at 13  School and superintendent refused to allow him to attend school  Upon return, he was taunted; forced to move to another school  Became voice of disease; died in 1990

 Gay Marriage: legal in other parts of the world  Examples: Belgium, Netherlands, Sweden, S. Africa  First state to legalize: Massachusetts

 States that do not allow/perform Same-Sex Marriage  Alabama  Arkansas  Georgia  Kentucky  Louisiana  Michigan  Mississippi  Missouri  North Dakota  South Dakota  Ohio  Tennessee  Texas  Nebraska 36 states currently recognize S-S Marriage

 Why are they not recognized under federal law?  Defense of Marriage Act: marriage must be between one man and one woman to receive federal benefits  prevents Federal Gov’t. from recognizing gay marriage  What if a Same-Sex couple gets married in a state that allows it, but moves to a state that doesn’t?  The states that don’t recognize it do not have to recognize other states who do

 Ohio 2004 Election - amendment that would have allowed s-s marriage  Did it pass?  Not a chance  Why was it strategically placed on the ballot?  To get lukewarm Republicans to the polls to vote for George W. Bush (Ohio = key swing state in 2004 Election)

 Civil Unions: give some of the same rights and responsibilities of marriage under state (NOT federal) law to same-sex couples  Examples: Tax breaks, survivor benefits, medical decisions, adoption etc. (some, but not full legal rights as married couples)  Why is making it a federal law so important?  Married couples under federal law receive significant tax benefits

 “Don’t ask, Don’t tell” – Former US policy regarding gays in the military  Initiated by …  Bill Clinton

 Caste System: social class determined at birth  Dalits: former “Untouchables” who were the lowest members in society  Today, Indian penal code inflicts severe punishments on those who discriminate on the basis of caste  Not governmentally sanctioned segregation such as apartheid

In 1806, Great Britain captured the colony of South Africa from the Dutch. When diamonds and gold were discovered, the British forced blacks off the mineral-rich land. In 1948 the racist Nationalist Party was elected to power.

The government established an official policy called “apartheid.” Apartheid – system of legal racial segregation sponsored by the government The South African government tried to completely separate the small number of whites from the black majority.

In 1958, the government separated black people from white people by making blacks live on reserves (bantustans), or homelands. Several blacks also lived in shanty towns – overcrowded towns full of poorly built shacks on the edges of cities.

Resistance was organized and widespread

African National Congress (ANC) Talks begin in 1990 to end the political stalemate In 1994, the government agreed to an open elections. The African National Congress, the largest anti- apartheid party, won.

Nelson Mandela became the new president of South Africa “officially” ending Apartheid