© T. M. Whitmore Today Central Asia Physical environment Population & settlement Culture Geopolitical issues
© T. M. Whitmore Last Time Historical development of Russia (and neighbors) geo-politically and industrially Historical development of Russian Empire USSR ( ) Industrial development & its geography
© T. M. Whitmore Central Asia: Defined Once home to the powerful Mongol empireMongol Now site of emerging - little known stateslittle known states The “stans” Kazakhstan Uzbekistan Kyrgyzstan Turkmenistan Afghanistan Azerbaijan Mongolia Western and Northern provinces of China
© T. M. Whitmore Central Asia: Physical Environment Importance of aridity and semi- aridityaridity Continentality Tectonic landscape Tectonic Mountain zones Mountain Deserts Basin and plains – steppessteppes
© T. M. Whitmore
Mountain Zones
© T. M. Whitmore Desert Zones
© T. M. Whitmore Central Asia: Population, settlement, culture Vast area more-or-less emptyempty Strongly circumscribed settlementcircumscribed Ethnic/cultural/linguistic diversity Ethnic/cultural/linguistic Religious diversity Religious
© T. M. Whitmore
Central Asia: Geopolitical issues History of political domination from Russia/USSR Russia/USSR History of political domination from China China Ethnic tensions Ethnic Afghanistan Current issues Current
© T. M. Whitmore
Central Asia
© T. M. Whitmore
Central Asia: Contemporary development All states very poor Breakup of USSR => economic collapse of ‘Stans Afghanistan in chaos