Safeguarding Animal Health Laboratory Preparedness – National Veterinary Services Laboratories Secretary’s Advisory Committee on Animal Health January 20, 2011 Beth Lautner, D.V.M., M.S. Director, National Veterinary Services Laboratories Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Laboratory Preparedness – National Veterinary Services Laboratories Secretary’s Advisory Committee on Animal Health January 20, 2011 Beth Lautner, D.V.M., M.S. Director, National Veterinary Services Laboratories Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

Safeguarding Animal Health NVSL Mission To safeguard U.S. animal health and contribute to public health by ensuring that timely and accurate laboratory support* is provided by a nationwide animal health diagnostic system.  Reference and confirmatory laboratory for USDA FY10 – > 62,000 submissions and 500,000 tests * Includes both domestic and foreign animal diseases

Safeguarding Animal Health NVSL Activities Conduct diagnostic testing Supply reference reagents to other laboratories Provide training in diagnostic techniques and conduct proficiency testing of other laboratories Coordinate the National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN) Conduct developmental projects to improve diagnostic techniques and capabilities Participate in World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) Collaborating Centre for the Diagnosis of Animal Diseases and Vaccine Evaluation in the Americas – Center for Veterinary Biologics (CVB), ISU Serve as OIE reference laboratory  high pathogenicity avian influenza, anthrax, pseudorabies, bluetongue, contagious equine metritis, equine encephalomyelitis, equine infectious anemia, leptospirosis, Newcastle disease, vesicular stomatitis and West Nile encephalitis Serve as Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) reference center for vesicular diseases, classical swine fever, African swine fever

Safeguarding Animal Health NVSL Structure Diagnostic Bacteriology Laboratory Diagnostic Virology Laboratory Pathobiology Laboratory Director’s Office Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory Diagnostic Services Reagent & Vaccine Services Proficiency and Validation Services Section Administrative Management & Program Services National Animal Health Laboratory Network Bacterial Identification Mycobacteria & Brucella Serology Avian Viruses Bovine & Porcine Viruses Equine & Ovine Viruses Chemistry & Analytical Services Parasitology Team Pathology Technical Services Section Pathology Section

Safeguarding Animal Health Diagnostic Bacteriology Laboratory Brucellosis Bovine tuberculosis Johne’s disease Anthrax Salmonellosis Leptospirosis Contagious equine metritis Anaplasmosis Piroplasmosis

Safeguarding Animal Health Diagnostic Bacteriology Tested over 30,000 horses for piroplasmosis in relation to interstate movement, race horse surveillance, and FAD investigations Approved 9 laboratories to do intra- or interstate movement testing for piroplasmosis Offered proficiency test for B. equi and B. caballi Peer Review of Serological Testing

Safeguarding Animal Health Diagnostic Bacteriology Provided Proficiency test for Contagious Equine Metritis New Salmonella enteritidis rule- out assay - quicker than complete serotyping. In process of validating molecular serotyping for Salmonella

Safeguarding Animal Health Provided laboratory support for the TB Program testing and depopulation activities in Colorado, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Mississippi, Nebraska, Ohio, and Texas (11 new herds identified in FY 2010) Provided laboratory support for wildlife surveys in the following states:  TB: Minnesota, New York, New Mexico, Texas, Indiana  Brucella: Montana, Wyoming New tests developed/offered:  Sensitivity testing for atypical Mycobacteria  Differential PCR for identifying mycobacterial species belonging to the M. tuberculosis complex Diagnostic Bacteriology

Safeguarding Animal Health Diagnostic Virology Laboratory Avian influenza Newcastle disease Pseudorabies Equine encephalomyelitis (Eastern, Western, Venezuelan) West Nile encephalitis Bluetongue Infectious salmon anemia Spring viremia of carp Equine infectious anemia Capacity to diagnose more than 90 diseases

Safeguarding Animal Health Diagnostic Virology 2009 Pandemic H1N1 virus  Validated new PCR assays developed by Agricultural Research Service (ARS) for use in 36 NAHLN SIV approved laboratories  Influenza A matrix  N1 differential PCR  OFFLU reference laboratory for pandemic H1N1 – able to accept at FADDL from FMD countries and Ames for non-FMD countries

Safeguarding Animal Health OFFLU Adopts USDA-APHIS Guidance for Pandemic H1N1Influenza

Safeguarding Animal Health Diagnostic Virology Aquaculture wet lab commissioned in new vivarium

Safeguarding Animal Health Pathobiology Laboratory Diagnostics Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Scrapie Chronic Wasting Disease Bovine Tuberculosis Screwworm myiasis Tick identification Other Program Support Evaluation of Disinfectants/Pesticides Scrapie Genotyping

Safeguarding Animal Health NVSL Proficiency Tests 2010 Classical Swine Fever Foot and Mouth Disease Equine Infectious Anemia Bluetongue Bovine leukosis Leptospira Johnes (organism, serum, milk) TB (gamma interferon) Avian Influenza African Swine Fever Anaplasmosis Newcastle Disease BSE Brucella Equine Piroplasmosis Bacteriology QA Contagious Equine Metritis Salmonella type D Equine Infectious Anemia Equine Viral Arteritis Pseudorabies (Serology and rRT-PCR) Rinderpest

Safeguarding Animal Health Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (FADDL) Activities Perform diagnosis of foreign animal diseases (FADs) Test imported animals and animal products to prevent introduction of FADs Serve as reference lab for National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN) and the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Produce diagnostic reagents Maintain the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) Vaccine Bank for North America Train veterinarians in the clinical diagnosis of FADs Conduct subject matter research and investigation activities Build international capacity for laboratory diagnosis

Safeguarding Animal Health Diseases Tested at FADDL Former OIE List A  Foot-and-mouth disease  Rinderpest  Peste des petits ruminants  Swine vesicular disease  Vesicular stomatitis  Classical swine fever  African swine fever  Rift valley fever  Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia  Bluetongue  Sheep and goat pox  African horse sickness  Lumpy skin disease Former OIE List B  Trypanosomosis  Malignant Catarrhal Fever  Brucellosis  Heartwater  Getah  Bovine viral diarrhea  Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis  Bovine herpesvirus mammillitis  Orf  Japanese encephalitis B  Epizootic hemorrhagic disease  Rabbit hemorrhagic disease  Teschen  Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia  Contagious agalactia  Aino and Akabane  Bovine ephemeral fever

Safeguarding Animal Health Fiscal Year FY07 FY08FY09 FY10 Case/TestCase #Test #Case #Test #Case #Test #Case #Test # Investigations 136 (1) 2,539 (271) 991,555831, ,553 CSF Surveillance 62516, ,9281,5438,1512,2838,170 Export Import Safety Reference (International) 11 2, (5) 658 (441) 11 (5) 707 (631) 7 (4) 625 (569) Total 78120,935 1,04918,5721,64210,7372,41710,774 Number of Samples Tested Annually for Potential Foreign Animal Diseases

Safeguarding Animal Health Ecuador  Characterization of FMDV strain Dominican Republic  Carrier sow & congenital infection  Low pathogenic CSF, genotype 1.3  Investigating possible spread of PTV-1 in swine Haiti  Swine with neurological signs, high morbidity/mortality  Teschovirus causing encephalomyelitis Guatemala  Recently diagnosed CSFV, genotype 1.3 Nicaragua  Detected and characterized CSFV, genotype 1.3 Cameroon  Collaborating with Ohio State University-ARS-Cameroon on epidemiology study using as FMD as model Nigeria  FMD outbreak in Cattle (Type O)  First FMD investigation since 1977  30 epithelial tissues and 527 sera Iraq  FMD outbreak in cattle and sheep  Sublineage of A Iran05 in 2008  Weak match with the current vaccine A22 Iraq  Confirming results of serological surveillance of FMDV Pakistan  Characterization of FMDV strains Mongolia  Capacity building of lab for FMD diagnostics  Characterizing the FMD virus  In process of establishing OIE twinning program on FMD International Accessions & Capacity Building October 09-October 10

Safeguarding Animal Health Examples - FADDL Developmental Projects Enhancement and Validation of 3D ELISA DIVA Diagnostic for FMD (DHS funded) Epitope Mapping of the Envelope E2 Glycoprotein to Enhance CSF Diagnostics and Develop and Validate a Highly Specific CSF ELISA (DHS funded) Evaluation of Pen-side Diagnostics for the Detection of FMDV (DHS funded) Enhancements of High-Throughput (HTP) Diagnostics for FADs and HTP with an Emphasis on Serological Assay Validation for FMDV (DHS funded) Development of Pan-Viral Microarrays for the Detection of Emerging and FADs (DHS and USDA funded) Validation of Assays for FADs (ARS funded) FMD in feral swine, pronghorn, mule deer, elk FMD detection in oral fluids

Safeguarding Animal Health Discovery of Swine as A Host for the Reston Ebolavirus In 2008, domestic swine in the Philippines, experiencing unusually severe outbreaks of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), were discovered to host Reston Ebolavirus (REBOV). Identified at FADDL and confirmed at CDC.

Safeguarding Animal Health Responses to Discovery of Swine as A Host for Reston Ebolavirus Concern over Ebola virus in pigs. A form of Ebola virus has been detected in pigs for the first time, raising concerns it could mutate and pose a new risk to humans. The new discovery – in the Philippines – is featured in the journal Science. Story from BBC NEWS: Published: 2009/07/10 10:14:08 GMT © BBC MMIX Philippines BAI, immediately stopped international trade of pork products. The FAO, OIE, and WHO sent a team to the Philippines to advise and assist on public health recommendations and control of the infected swine. Dr. Bill White of NVSL/FADDL among team members. The CDC tested 141 individuals and found some seroconversion. Surveys of two affected farms revealed circulating virus on farm A. The CDC has since returned to the Philippines to investigate fruit bats as a possible reservoir.

Safeguarding Animal Health North American Animal Health Laboratory Network: ‘US, Mexico and Canada’ North American Leaders Summit (Security and Prosperity Partnership) Harmonization of Selected Assays rRT-PCR: FMD - Done Antigen ELISA: FMD - Done Virus neutralization: FMD - Done Virus Isolation:FMD - Done Ab ELISA: SVD & VSV - Now 3ABC ELISA: FMD - Future Cell culture sensitivity for virus isolation: FMD - Future rRT-PCR: VSV - Future Vesicular Diseases Harmonization FMD, SVD,VSV “Ensuring an equivalency of diagnostic test results between the laboratories, regardless of protocols practiced by each country” Harmonized tests as well for Avian Influenza and Bovine Tuberculosis

Safeguarding Animal Health OIE Twinning To establish effective and long-term collaboration between a reference (parent) lab and lab in developing country NVSL Twinning projects:  Brazil—avian influenza and Newcastle disease  Chile—avian influenza and Newcastle disease

Safeguarding Animal Health Center for Veterinary Biologics (CVB), APHIS National Animal Disease Center (NADC), ARS National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL), APHIS Together we meet the national needs for animal health research, diagnosis, and product evaluation.

Safeguarding Animal Health

Low containment animal facility--2009Phase 1 laboratory facility High containment animal facility--2007

Safeguarding Animal Health Websites National Veterinary Services Laboratories National Animal Health Laboratory Network