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Indoor Air Quality

Understanding IAQ HEALTH EFFECTS CAUSATIVE AGENTS SOURCES CONTROL METHODOLOGIES LEGISLATION

HEALTH EFFECTS

Health Effects SICK BUILDING SYNDROME (SBS) VS BUILDING RELATED ILLNESS (BRI)

Health Effects SICK BUILDING SYNDROME (SBS) – A PERSISTENT SET OF SYMPTOMS IN > 20% – CAUSE(S) NOT RECOGNIZABLE – COMPLAINTS/SYMPTOMS RELIEVED AFTER EXITING BUILDING

Health Effects SICK BUILDING SYNDROME (SBS) – EYE, NOSE, OR THROAT IRRITATION – HEADACHES – FATIGUE – REDUCED MENTATION – IRRITABILITY

Health Effects SICK BUILDING SYNDROME (SBS) – DRY SKIN – NASAL CONGESTION – DIFFICULTY BREATHING – NOSE BLEEDS – NAUSEA

Health Effects BUILDING RELATED ILLNESS (BRI) – CLINICALLY RECOGNIZED DISEASE – EXPOSURE TO INDOOR AIR POLLUTANTS – RECOGNIZABLE CAUSES

Health Effects BUILDING RELATED ILLNESS (BRI) – PONTIAC FEVER - LEGIONELLA spp. – LEGIONNAIRE’S DISEASE – HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS – HUMIDIFIER FEVER

Health Effects BUILDING RELATED ILLNESS (BRI) – ASTHMA – ALLERGY – RESPIRATORY DISEASE CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)

Causative Agents

INDOOR AIR CONTAMINANT TYPES – COMBUSTION PRODUCTS – VOLATILE CHEMICALS & MIXTURES – RESPIRABLE PARTICULATES – RESPIRATORY PRODUCTS – BIOLOGICS & BIOAEROSOLS – RADIONUCLIDES – ODORS

Causative Agents COMBUSTION PRODUCTS – CARBON MONOXIDE (CO) – OXIDES OF NITROGEN (NO X ) – OXIDES OF SULFUR (SO X ) – CARBON DIOXIDE (CO 2 ) – POLYAROMATIC HYDROCARBON’S (PAH) – TOBACCO SMOKE COMPONENTS

Causative Agents VOLATILE ORGANIC CHEMICALS – ALCOHOLS - ISOPROPANOL – ALDEHYDES - FORMALDEHYDE – ALIPHATICS - CYCLOHEXANE – AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS - 4PC – ESTERS - ETHYL ACETATE – HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS - TCE

Causative Agents RESPIRABLE PARTICULATES –ASBESTOS CHRYSOTILE AMOSITE CROCIDOLITE –FIBERGLASS –INORGANIC DUSTS (MINERAL)

Causative Agents RESPIRABLE PARTICULATES – METALLIC DUSTS LEAD – ORGANIC DUSTS – PAPER DUSTS – POLLEN

Causative Agents RESPIRATORY PRODUCTS – WATER VAPOR – CARBON DIOXIDE (CO 2 ) – ETIOLOGICAL AGENTS – TOBACCO SMOKE COMPONENTS

Causative Agents BIOLOGICS & BIOAEROSOLS – MOLDS & FUNGI – BACTERIA – PROTOZOA – VIRUSES

Causative Agents RADIONUCLIDES – RADON – RADON PROGENY (DAUGHTERS)

Causative Agents ODORS –ODORS ASSOCIATED WITH ANY INDOOR AIR CONTAMINANT TYPE INDEPENDENTLY IN COMBINATION

Sources

Sources COMBUSTION PRODUCTS – KEROSENE HEATERS – LOADING DOCKS – WOOD STOVES/UNVENTED GAS STOVES – NEARBY TRAFFIC

Sources VOLATILE CHEMICALS & MIXTURES -ADHESIVES & CAULKING COMPOUNDS -CARPETING & DRAPERY -PARTICLE BOARD

Sources VOLATILE CHEMICALS & MIXTURES – FLOOR & WALL COVERINGS – PAINTS, VARNISHES AND STAINS – UPHOLSTERY

Sources RESPIRABLE PARTICULATES – ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE (ETS) – CONSTRUCTION DEBRIS – OUTDOOR AIR – PLANTS & PLANT PARTS – PRODUCTION PROCESSES

Sources PARTICULATE PHASE OF CIGARETTE SMOKE 4-AMINOBIPHENYLNICKEL ANATABINENICOTINE ANILINEPHENOL BENZ[A]ANTHRACENEPOLONIUM-210 BENZ[A]PYRENEQUINOLINE BENZOIC ACIDSUCCINIC ACID BUTYROLACTONE2-TOLUIDINE NITROSODIETHANOLAMINECADMIUM

Sources VAPOR PHASE OF CIGARETTE SMOKE HYDROGEN CYANIDEACETALDEHYDE ACETONEACROLEIN 1,3-BUTADIENEBENZENE CARBON MONOXIDEFORMALDEHYDE DIMETHYLAMINEHYDRAZINE CARBONYL SULFIDEETHANE METHYL CHLORIDEPYRIDINE AMMONIAFORMIC ACID

Sources RESPIRATORY PRODUCTS – PEOPLE – PLANTS

Sources BIOLOGICS & BIOAEROSOLS – HVAC SYSTEMS – COOLING TOWERS – HUMANS/ANIMALS – STAGNANT WATER RESERVOIRS – HUMIDIFIERS

Sources RADIONUCLIDES (RADON Rn) – SOIL – WATER – BUILDING MATERIALS – NATURAL GAS

Control Methodologies

PREVENTING IAQ PROBLEMS – SOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDING – EQUIPMENT – HUMAN ACTIVITIES – BUILDING COMPONENTS & FURNISHINGS – OTHER SOURCES – VENTILATION TO MEET OCCUPANT NEEDS – OTHER CONSIDERATIONS

Control Methodologies SOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDING –CONTAMINATED OUTDOOR AIR POLLEN, DUST, FUNGI INDUSTRIAL POLLUTANTS GENERAL VEHICLE EXHAUST

Control Methodologies SOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDING –EMISSIONS FROM NEARBY SOURCES PARKING LOTS/GARAGES LOADING DOCKS/DUMPSTERS RE-ENTRAINED BUILDING EXHAUST LOCATION OF SUPPLY INTAKES

Control Methodologies SOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDING –SOIL GAS RADON UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (LEAKING) LANDFILL PESTICIDE APPLICATION

Control Methodologies SOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDING –STANDING WATER ROOFTOPS CRAWLSPACES

Control Methodologies EQUIPMENT –HVAC SYSTEM DUST/DIRT/GROWTH IN DUCTS GROWTH IN DRIP PANS IMPROPER USE OF BIOCIDES IMPROPER VENTING

Control Methodologies EQUIPMENT –NON-HVAC EQUIPMENT EMISSIONS FROM OFFICE EQUIPMENT SUPPLIES (SOLVENTS, TONERS, ETC.) EMISSIONS FROM LABS, CLEANING OTHER MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

Control Methodologies HUMAN ACTIVITIES –PERSONAL ACTIVIITES SMOKING COOKING PERSONAL HYGIENE (BODY ODORS) COSMETIC ODORS

Control Methodologies HUMAN ACTIVITIES –HOUSEKEEPING ACTIVIITES CLEANING MATERIALS CLEANING PROCEDURES STORED SUPPLIES & TRASH DEODORIZERS & FRAGRANCES

Control Methodologies HUMAN ACTIVITIES –MAINTENANCE ACTIVIITES COOLING TOWERS PAINTS, CAULKS, ETC. PEST CONTROL STORED SUPPLIES

Control Methodologies BUILDING COMPONENTS & FURNISHINGS – LOCATIONS THAT COLLECT DUST – DAMAGED MATERIALS – UNSANITARY CONDITIONS

Control Methodologies BUILDING COMPONENTS & FURNISHINGS – WATER DAMAGE – DRY TRAPS - SEWER GAS – CHEMICAL RELEASE OR OFF-GASING

Control Methodologies OTHER SOURCES –ACCIDENTAL EVENTS SPILLS FLOODING FIRE DAMAGE (PCB’S)

Control Methodologies OTHER SOURCES – SPECIAL USE AREAS SMOKING LOUNGES LABORATORIES PRINT SHOPS ART ROOMS - GRAPHIC DESIGN

Control Methodologies OTHER SOURCES – SPECIAL USE AREAS EXERCISE ROOMS BEAUTY SALONS FOOD PREPARATION AREAS

Control Methodologies OTHER SOURCES – REDECORATING/REMODELING/REPAIR NEW FURNISHINGS DUST & FIBERS FROM DEMOLITION ODORS & VOC’S (PAINT, ETC.) MICROBIOLOGICALS FROM DEMOLITION

Control Methodologies VENTILATION TO MEET OCCUPANT NEEDS –ASHRAE STANDARDS (ASHRAE ) TEMPERATURE RELATIVE HUMIDITY MINIMUM OUTDOOR AIR REQUIREMENTS CO 2 LEVELS BELOW 1000 PPM

Control Methodologies VENTILATION TO MEET OCCUPANT NEEDS –ENGINEERING CONTROLS MODIFY VENTILATION SYSTEM MODIFY PRESSURE RELATIONSHIPS FILTERS

Control Methodologies VENTILATION TO MEET OCCUPANT NEEDS –ENGINEERING CONTROLS PRECIPITATORS ION GENERATORS HUMIDIFICATION SYSTEMS

Control Methodologies OTHER CONSIDERATIONS – POPULATION DENSITY – LIGHTING – NOISE – ERGONOMICS

Control Methodologies OTHER CONSIDERATIONS – MANAGEMENT STYLES – MONITORED WORK STATIONS – RE-ENTRY CRITERIA – NO NEWS IS GOOD NEWS

LEGISLATION

Legislation OSHA IAQ STANDARD – LEGISLATION PENDING – AFL-CIO PETITIONED OSHA – 14 AFFILIATED UNIONS HAVE PETITIONS PENDING

Legislation NEW JERSEY IAQ STANDARD –SPECIFIC TEMPERATURES O F WINTER O F SUMMER – % RELATIVE HUMIDITY –20 CFM OUTSIDE AIR/PERSON

Legislation NEW JERSEY IAQ STANDARD –SMOKING ROOM AIR ON SEPARATE SYSTEM –RENOVATION - ISOLATED –PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES HVAC SYSTEM –RECORD KEEPING - VENTILATION SYSTEM MAINTENANCE

EPA “Sick Building” Suit WATERSIDE MALL BUILDING –EPA HEADQUARTERS, WASHINGTON, D.C. 19 EMPLOYEES