Interchange Design Wes Mayberry Transportation Engineering Intern

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Presentation transcript:

Interchange Design Wes Mayberry Transportation Engineering Intern Office of Design, Methods Section Iowa Department of Transportation

Interchange “An interchange is a system of interconnecting roadways in conjunction with on more grade separations that provides movements of traffic between two or more roadways or highway on different levels.” (AASHTO Greenbook, 2004)

Interchange Categories Systems Interchange Connection between two roadways with full access control (access to and from the roadway only allowed at interchanges) Service Interchange Connection between one roadway with full access control and one roadway with partial access control

Configuration Service Interchange Systems Interchange Cloverleaf Diamond Conventional Compressed Split Partial Cloverleaf (Parclo) Parclo A Exit Ramps from the major roadway Parclo B Exit loops from the major roadway Parclo AB Cloverleaf Trumpet

Type of Ramp Diagonal Loop Semi-Directional Directional or Outer Connection

Capacity Analysis Basic freeway segment Freeway weaving Type A Type B Type C Ramp segment Ramp Junctions Merge Diverge Interchange ramp terminal intersections Unsignalized Sign Roundabout Signalized Capacity analysis is used to determine some of the gore geometric features of interchange ramps. Things such as number of lanes, length of turn lanes, intersection control, etc. Capacity analysis determines the type of free flow entrance or exit taper necessary for an interchange ramp, and establishes need for auxillary lanes on the freeway facility.

Ramp Design

Components of a Ramp Connecting Roadway (Ramp Proper) Terminals Free Flow At-grade

Connecting Roadway Design speed Length Alignment Horizontal Vertical Length Diagonal ramp, 1200 ft Long ramps promote passing

Connecting Roadway, cont. Cross section Pavement width Shoulders Type Width Roadside Fore slopes Recoverable (4:1 or flatter) Non-recoverable (slopes between 3:1 and 4:1) Critical Fore slopes (slopes < 3:1) Clear zone Ditches Back slopes

Terminal Type: Free flow At-grade Changing speed Deceleration (Diverging) Acceleration (Merging) At-grade Turning Intersection control Signed Signalized Circulatory

Free Flow Terminal (Exit) Deceleration Length Type Parallel Taper Divergence Angle 3°-5° Route continuity Gore Source: (AASHTO Greenbook, 2004)

Free Flow Terminal (Entrance) Acceleration Length Type Parallel Taper Route continuity Source: (AASHTO Greenbook, 2004)

At-Grade Terminal Intersection control Intersection angle Operational analysis Turn lanes Number of turn lanes Length of turn lanes Intersection angle 60° minimum 75° preferred for older drivers Departure sight distance (ISD) Design vehicle Pedestrian accommodations

Art Tying it all together Example Coordinate Geometry

Conceptual Design Example

Project Plans Example