Indoor Environmental Quality Expresses: Who we are Who we are associated with What we are talking about today

Session 3: Agenda Materials and Resources Indoor Environmental Quality Goals LEED NC Prerequisites & Credits Intent & Strategies LEED EB O&M Credits Phases of a LEED Project Review of Referenced Standards Review Questions

30-70% ENERGY VERIFIED PERFORMANCE SAVINGS ENHANCED INCREASED Improved Bottom Line. 9/22/2007 30-70% ENERGY SAVINGS VERIFIED PERFORMANCE ENHANCED PRODUCTIVITY INCREASED VALUE REDUCED LIABILITY & IMPROVED RISK MANAGEMENT

PRODUCTIVITY Improved Bottom Line. REDUCED ABSENTEEISM REDUCED 9/22/2007 30-70% ENERGY SAVINGS VERIFIED PERFORMANCE REDUCED ABSENTEEISM INCREASED VALUE PRODUCTIVITY REDUCED LIABILITY & IMPROVED RISK MANAGEMENT ENHANCED RECRUITMENT IMPROVED EMPLOYEE MORALE

IMPROVED TEST PERFORMANCE PRODUCTIVITY INCREASE Increased Productivity. 9/22/2007 IMPROVED TEST PERFORMANCE SCHOOLS EARLIER DISCHARGE HOSPITALS INCREASE IN SALES PER SQUARE FOOT RETAIL INCREASED PRODUCTION FACTORIES 2-16% PRODUCTIVITY INCREASE OFFICES

Environmental Impacts of Buildings 9/22/2007 Environmental Impacts of Buildings INDOOR AIR QUALITY (IAQ) Over 30% of buildings have poor indoor air quality, Often the air inside the average home is 10 times more polluted than the outside air on the smoggiest of days, We spend 90% of our time indoors. * Source: EPA Poor IAQ is due to inefficient gas burning appliances, VOCs in paints/adhesives/cleaning agents/carpet, CO from cars in garage, burning candles (burning parrafin wax/oil and lead wicks), pet dander, moth balls, deodorizers, dry cleaning fluids, softeners in plastics, high humidity growing mold, dust, cooking smoke, tobacco smoke, pesticides and everything else tracked into the home with shoes. Without scaring people, talk about the common sense of letting infants crawl and play on the vinyl floor which offgasses vinyl chloride and other toxins and on carpet that also offgasses chemicals and acts like a sponge, holding everything possible. Children are more susceptible to toxins than adults are. The solution is to buy different building materials and cleaners, ventilate the home. * Source: EPA

IEQ air quality materials thermal comfort daylighting & views lighting Topics Within Indoor Environmental Quality 9/22/2007 air quality materials IEQ thermal comfort daylighting & views lighting

2 Prerequisites, 15 points Indoor Environmental Quality 9/22/2007 Indoor Environmental Quality 2 Prerequisites, 15 points LEED New Construction EQ Pr 1 Minimum IAQ Performance Req Pr 2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control C 1 Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring 1 C 2 Increased Ventilation C 3.1 Construction IAQ Management Plan, During Construction C 3.2 Construction IAQ Management Plan, Before Occupancy (N/A Core & Shell) C 4.1 Low-Emitting Materials, Adhesives & Sealants C 4.2 Low-Emitting Materials, Paints & Coatings C 4.3 Low-Emitting Materials, Flooring Systems C 4.4 Low-Emitting Materials, Composite Wood & Agrifiber C 5 Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control C 6.1-6.2 Controllability of Systems Lighting & Thermal Comfort 2 C 7.1-7.2 Thermal Comfort – Design, verification C 8.1-8.2 Daylight and Views

3 Prerequisites, 19 points Indoor Environmental Quality 9/22/2007 Indoor Environmental Quality 3 Prerequisites, 19 points LEED for Schools EQ Pr 1 Minimum IAQ Performance Req Pr 2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control Pr 3 Minimum Acoustical Performance C 1 Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring 1 C 2 Increased Ventilation C 3.1 Construction IAQ Management Plan, During Construction C 3.2 Construction IAQ Management Plan, Before Occupancy (N/A Core & Shell) C 4 Low-Emitting Materials (includes furniture & ceiling+walls) 1-4 C 5 Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control C 6.1-6.2 Controllability of Systems – Lighting & Thermal Comfort 2 C 7.1-7.2 Thermal Comfort – Design, Verification C 8.1 Daylight and Views – Daylight: 75%, 90% classrms, 75% other 1-3 C 8.2 Daylight and Views – Views C 9 Enhanced Acoustical Performance C 10 Mold Prevention

2 Prerequisites, 12 points Indoor Environmental Quality 9/22/2007 Indoor Environmental Quality 2 Prerequisites, 12 points LEED Core and Shell EQ Pr 1 Minimum IAQ Performance Req Pr 2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control C 1 Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring 1 C 2 Increased Ventilation C 3 Construction IAQ Management Plan, During Construction C 4.1 Low-Emitting Materials, Adhesives & Sealants C 4.2 Low-Emitting Materials, Paints & Coatings C 4.3 Low-Emitting Materials, Flooring Systems C 4.4 Low-Emitting Materials, Composite Wood & Agrifiber C 5 Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control C 6 Controllability of Systems – Lighting & Thermal Comfort C 7 Thermal Comfort - Design C 8.1-8.2 Daylight and Views 2

Minimum IAQ Performance 9/22/2007 Intent: Establish minimum indoor air quality (IAQ) performance to enhance indoor air quality in buildings, thus contributing to the comfort and well-being of the occupants.

Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control 9/22/2007 Intent: Minimize exposure of building occupants, indoor surfaces, and ventilation air distribution systems to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS).

Potential Technologies and Strategies: Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control 9/22/2007 Potential Technologies and Strategies: Prohibit smoking in the building. Locate exterior smoking areas at least 25 feet away from entries, outdoor air intakes, operable windows. Prohibit smoking except in designated, enclosed smoking areas which maintain differential air pressure

Prohibit smoking in all common areas of the building Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control 9/22/2007 Residential only: Prohibit smoking in all common areas of the building Locate exterior smoking areas at least 25 feet away from entries, outdoor air intakes, operable windows. Compartmentalize: seal penetrations in walls, ceilings and floors in units and adjacent vertical chases, weatherstrip unit doors to common hallways

Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring 9/22/2007 Intent Provide capacity for ventilation system monitoring to help sustain occupant comfort and well-being. Monitor carbon dioxide concentrations within densely occupied spaces. Provide direct outdoor airflow measurement devices for non-densely occupied spaces.

Potential Technologies and Strategies: Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring 9/22/2007 Potential Technologies and Strategies: Install permanent monitoring systems to ensure that ventilation systems maintain design minimum ventilation requirements by generating an alarm when the conditions vary by 15% or more from setpoint, via either a building automation system alarm or an alert to the building occupants.

Tips From the Pros 9/22/2007 Note that this strategy deals with Carbon Dioxide sensors, not Carbon Monoxide sensors. Carbon dioxide sensors detect the build-up of stale air and offer a practical means of confirming proper ventilation. A national study, Cost of Green Revisited by Davis Langdon, published in July 2007 listed the cost of this prerequisite commissioning as $1.50-$3.00 / sf. I (Holly) have worked on a project that was $0.30 / sf.

Increased Ventilation 9/22/2007 Intent: Provide additional outdoor air ventilation to improve indoor air quality for improved occupant comfort, well-being and productivity.

Construction IAQ Management During Construction 9/22/2007 Intent: Reduce indoor air quality problems resulting from the construction/renovation process in order to help sustain the comfort and well-being of construction workers and building occupants. Ductwork sealed to prevent contamination

occupancy phases of the building as follows: Construction IAQ Management During Construction 9/22/2007 Develop and implement an Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Management Plan for the construction and pre- occupancy phases of the building as follows: During construction, meet SMACNA IAQ Guidelines for Occupied Buildings Under Construction, 2007, Chapter 3: HVAC Protection, Source Control, Pathway Interruption, Housekeeping, Scheduling

Protect stored on-site or Construction IAQ Management During Construction 9/22/2007 Protect stored on-site or installed absorptive materials from moisture damage. If permanently installed air handlers are used during construction, use filtration media at each return air grille as determined by ASHRAE 52.2-1999. Replace all filtration media immediately prior to occupancy.

Lined ductwork stored in wet area promoting microbial growth Construction IAQ Management During Construction 9/22/2007 Lined ductwork stored in wet area promoting microbial growth

2. Conduct IAQ testing after construction ends and prior to occupancy Construction IAQ Management Before Occupancy 9/22/2007 Intent: Reduce indoor air quality problems resulting from the construction/renovation process in order to help sustain the comfort and well-being of construction workers and building occupants. 1. After construction ends, prior to occupancy and with all interior finishes installed, perform a building flush-out OR 2. Conduct IAQ testing after construction ends and prior to occupancy

Graph: Environmental Building News May/June 1996: Source: CMHC Construction IAQ Management Before Occupancy 9/22/2007 Why Flush-Out? Construction creates airborne particulates Materials out-gas the most when new Graph: Environmental Building News May/June 1996: Source: CMHC

Low-Emitting Materials 9/22/2007 Intent: Reduce the quantity of indoor air contaminants that are odorous, irritating and/or harmful to the comfort and well-being of installers and occupants.

Aerosol Adhesives: Green Seal Standard for Commercial Adhesives GS-36 Low-Emitting Materials: Adhesives & Sealants 9/22/2007 All adhesives and sealants used on the interior of the building (i.e., inside the weatherproofing system and applied on-site) shall comply with the LEED referenced standards: Adhesives, Sealants and Sealant Primers: South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Rule #1168. Aerosol Adhesives: Green Seal Standard for Commercial Adhesives GS-36 Schools: CA Dept. of Health Services Standard Practice for the testing of volatile organic emissions from various sources using small-scale environmental chambers These standards set VOC (Volatile Organic Compound) limits.

Paints and coatings used on the interior of the Low-Emitting Materials: Paints & Coatings 9/22/2007 Paints and coatings used on the interior of the building shall comply with the following standards: Paints, coatings, & primers on interior walls & ceilings: Green Seal Standard GS-11, Paints, 1st Edition, May 20, 1993 Anti-corrosive & anti-rust paints on interior ferrous metals: Green Seal Standard GC-03, Anti-Corrosive Paints, 2nd Edition, Jan 7, 1997. (250 g/L ) Clear wood finishes, floor coatings, stains, primers, sealers, & shellacs: South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Rule 1113, Architectural Coatings, Jan 1, 2004 Schools: CA Dept. of Health Services Standard Practice for the testing of volatile organic emissions from various sources using small-scale environmental chambers Inside of building - (ie. inside the weatherproofing system and applied on-site)

All carpet adhesive shall meet the VOC limit of 50 g/L. Low-Emitting Materials: Flooring Systems 9/22/2007 All interior carpet shall meet the Carpet and Rug Institute’s Green Label Plus requirements. All interior carpet cushion shall meet the Carpet and Rug Institute Green Label requirements. All carpet adhesive shall meet the VOC limit of 50 g/L. All hard surface flooring must be FloorScore certified. Concrete, wood, bamboo and cork floor finishes must meet SCAQMD Rule 1113. Tile setting adhesives and grout must meet SCAQMD Rule 1168 Schools: CA Dept. of Health Services Standard Practice for the testing of volatile organic emissions from various sources using small-scale environmental chambers

veneer/laminate substrates, door cores. Low-Emitting Materials: Composite Wood & Agrifiber Products 9/22/2007 Choose composite wood and agrifiber products that contain no added urea-formaldehyde resins. Some common composite wood and agrifiber products are: particleboard, medium density fiberboard (MDF), plywood, wheatboard, strawboard, veneer/laminate substrates, door cores. Schools: All products must meet CA Dept. of Health Services Standard Practice for the testing of volatile organic emissions from various sources using small-scale environmental chambers. inside building: (defined as inside of the weatherproofing system)

Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Control 9/22/2007 Intent: Minimize exposure of building occupants to potentially hazardous particulates and chemical pollutants.

Employ permanent entryway systems At all outdoor entryways that Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Control 9/22/2007 Employ permanent entryway systems At all outdoor entryways that serve as regular entry points for building users to prevent particulates from entering the building. Roll-out mats can only be used when they are maintained on a weekly basis

Employ exhaust systems Where hazardous gases or chemicals may be Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Control 9/22/2007 Employ exhaust systems Where hazardous gases or chemicals may be present (including garages, housekeeping / laundry areas and copying / printing rooms), exhaust and negatively pressurize space. For each of these spaces, provide: Self-closing doors and deck to deck partitions or a hard lid ceiling Exhaust with no air re-circulation Pressure differential Negatively pressurized - with the doors to the room closed

In mechanically ventilated buildings each system Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Control 9/22/2007 In mechanically ventilated buildings each system supplying outdoor air shall: Use particle filters or air cleaning devices to clean outdoor air at any location prior to it introduction to occupied space. Filters or devices should be rated MERV 13 or higher (in accordance with ASHRAE 52.2) Clean air filtration media installed in all air systems after construction and before occupancy. *In LEED 2009, buildings that with chilled beam systems are eligible for this credit.

Controllability of Systems: Lighting 9/22/2007 Intent: Provide a high level of lighting system control by individual occupants or by specific groups in multi-occupant spaces (i.e., classrooms or conference areas) to promote the productivity, comfort and well-being of building occupants. Lighting controls enable individuals to make adjustments to suit individual task needs and preferences.

Controllability of Systems: Thermal Comfort 9/22/2007 Intent: Provide a high level of thermal comfort system control by individual occupants or by specific groups in multi-occupant spaces (i.e., classrooms or conference areas.). Individual controls, operable windows, and controls for all shared multi-occupant spaces.

Referenced Standards: Controllability of Systems: Thermal Comfort 9/22/2007 Referenced Standards: ASHRAE 62.1-2007: Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality AND ASHRAE 55-2004: Thermal Environment Conditions for Human Occupancy

Thermal Comfort: Design 9/22/2007 Intent: Provide a comfortable thermal environment that supports the productivity and wellbeing of building occupants.

Thermal Comfort: Design 9/22/2007 Requirements: Design HVAC systems and the building envelope to meet the requirements of ASHRAE Standard 55-2004, Thermal Comfort Conditions for Human Occupancy. Demonstrate design compliance in accordance with the Section 6.1.1 Documentation. ASHRAE 55-2004 Section 5.3 provides an optional method of compliance for naturally ventilated buildings.

Provide for the assessment of building thermal comfort over time. Thermal Comfort Verification 9/22/2007 Intent: Provide for the assessment of building thermal comfort over time. Implement a thermal comfort survey 6 to 18 months after occupancy. Develop a plan for corrective action if the survey indicates that more than 20% of occupants are dissatisfied. This plan should include measurement of environmental variables in problem areas in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 55-2004.

Access to Daylight & Views 9/22/2007 Intent: Provide for the building occupants a connection between indoor spaces and the outdoors through the introduction of daylight and views into the regularly occupied areas of the building. LEED awards points for providing daylight and views to into most of regularly occupied spaces. *Exceptions for areas where tasks would be hindered by the use of daylight will be considered on their merits.

Effect of internal light shelf on classroom daylighting Access to Daylight & Views 9/22/2007 OPTION 1 — GLAZING FACTOR CALCULATION: OPTION 2 — DAYLIGHT SIMULATION MODEL OPTION 3 — DAYLIGHT MEASUREMENT Effect of internal light shelf on classroom daylighting

Outside Air Introduction & Exhaust Systems Required Pr 2 LEED EB O&M– Indoor Environmental Quality 3 Prerequisites, 15 Points EQ Pr 1 Outside Air Introduction & Exhaust Systems Required Pr 2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control Pr 3 Green Cleaning Policy C 1.1 – 1.5 IAQ Best Management Practices 5 C 2.1 – 2.4 Occupant Comfort 4 C 3.1 – 3.6 Green Cleaning 6 42

LEED EBOM IAQ Best Management Practices IAQ Management Program Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring Increased Ventilation Reduce Particulates in Air Distribution Facility Alterations and Additions Occupant Comfort Occupant Survey Controllability of Systems-Lighting Thermal Comfort Monitoring Daylight and Views

High Performance Cleaning Program Custodial Effectiveness Assessment LEED EBOM Green Cleaning High Performance Cleaning Program Custodial Effectiveness Assessment Purchase of Sustainable Cleaning Products and Materials Sustainable Cleaning Equipment Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control Integrated Pest Management

Questions?

Phases of a LEED Project Expresses: Who we are Who we are associated with What we are talking about today

Session 3: Agenda Materials and Resources Indoor Environmental Quality Phases of a LEED Project Design and construction phase Operations phase Review of Referenced Standards Review Questions

Design and Construction Phase

Operations Phase

Questions?

Review of Referenced Standards Expresses: Who we are Who we are associated with What we are talking about today

Session 3: Agenda Materials and Resources Indoor Environmental Quality Phases of a LEED Project Review of Referenced Standards Review Questions

Review of Referenced Standards The following referenced standards are a sample of the numerous standards used by the USGBC to support the LEED rating systems. Please see the specific LEED rating systems for further information. ASHRAE ASHRAE 55-2004 Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy ASHRAE 62.1-2007 Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-2007 Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings

Review of Referenced Standards EPA Energy Policy Acts (EPAct) 1992, 2005 SMACNA SMACNA 2007 IAQ Guidelines for Occupied Buildings Under Construction, 2nd Edition 2007

Review of Referenced Standards Adhesives, Sealants and Sealant Primers South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Rule #1168 Green Seal Standard for Commercial Adhesives GS-36 Paints, coatings, & primers Green Seal Standard GS-11, Paints, 1st Edition, May 20, 1993 Green Seal Standard GC-03, Anti-Corrosive Paints, 2nd Edition, Jan 7, 1997

Review of Referenced Standards Clear wood finishes, floor coatings, stains, primers, sealers, & shellacs South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Rule 1113, Architectural Coatings, Jan 1, 2004

Review of Referenced Standards Carpet Carpet and Rug Institute’s Green Label Carpet and Rug Institute’s Green Label Plus Hard Flooring All hard surface flooring must be FloorScore certified Green Cleaning Green Seal Standard GS-37 Industrial and Institutional Cleaners Green Power Center for Resource Solutions, Green-e Product Certification Requirements

Review of Referenced Standards Recycled content ISO 14021-1999 Environmental Labels and Declarations—Self-Declared Environmental Claims (Type II Environmental Labeling) Measurement &Verification International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol (IPMVP), Volume III : Concepts and Options for Determining Energy Savings in New Construction, April 2003