New Kingdom of Egypt ➲ Weak pharaoh's and power struggles led to the fall of the Middle Kingdom. ➲ Hyksos ruled Egypt from 1640 B.C B.C. ➲ Warlike rulers began to restore Egypt's power and overthrow the Hyksos.

Queen Ahhotep Kamose

Egypt's New Kingdom ➲ During the New Kingdom, Egypt becomes wealthier and more powerful than ever. ➲ Advanced weapons,archers,charioteers, and infantry or foot soldiers. ➲ Strong leadership among the pharaoh's

Strong Pharaoh's of the New Kingdom ➲ Hatshepsut spent her reign encouraged trade rather than war. ➲ Thutmose III was a warlike ruler who successfully invaded Palestine, Syria, and south into Nubia. ➲ Rames II was a great builder and signed a peace treaty with the Hittites.

Hatshepsut Thutmose III

Ramses II Battle of Kadesh

Abu Simbel

New Kingdom Declines ➲ Egypt was attacked by the “People of the Sea” and the tribes of Palestine and the Libyans from the west. ➲ Egypt breaks into independent kingdoms. ➲ Libyans ruled Egypt and adopts their culture and way of life.

Kushites Conquer Egypt ➲ Egypt enjoyed dominance of Nubia and the Nubian kingdom of Kush for about a thousand years. ➲ After the fall of the New Kingdom, Kush becomes a regional power. ➲ Nubian kingdoms served as trade corridors that linked Egypt to the interior of Africa.

Kushite Influence and Conquest ➲ Egypt influences Nubians. ➲ Princes went to Egypt to learn Egyptian customs. ➲ Piankhi unites the Nile Valley and overthrows the Libyans. ➲ Begins the short lived twenty-fifth Dynasty.

Piankhi

Golden Age and Decline ➲ Assyrians push the Kushites out of Egypt in 671 B.C. ➲ Kushite royal family settles in Meroe. ➲ Significant rainfall and iron ore. ➲ Aksum overthrow the Kushites around A.D ➲ Four centuries of prosparity.

Assyrians Military Machine ➲ Sophisticated military organization, state of the art weaponry, and geography played an important role in Assyrian success. ➲ Engineers designed pontoons or floating structures used to support a bridge. ➲ Showed no mercy in battle. ➲ War like people.

Assyrian Soldiers

Expanding Into an Empire and Rule ➲ Assyrian Kings defeated kings in Syria, Palestine, and Babylon. ➲ Power extends into Egypt and Anatolia. ➲ Chose their own rulers or supported those who supported them. ➲ Conquered territories had to pay takes tribute or else be destroyed.

Assyrian Culture ➲ Sennacherib establishes Nineveh as the Assyrian capital. ➲ One of the largest cities in the world during this time ➲ Military campaigns and hunting lions were two popular artistic subjects. ➲ One of the largest ancient libraries thanks to Ashurbanipal.

Nineveh

Sennacherib Ashurbanipal

Fall of the Assyrians ➲ Assyrian power had spread too thin. ➲ Cruelty towards conquered people earned them many enemies. ➲ Weak leadership. ➲ Combined armies, led by the Medes and Chaldeans burn and level Nineveh.

Babylon Restored Under Chaldeans ➲ Chaldeans make Babylon the center of their empire1,000 years after Hammurabi. ➲ Was destroyed by Sennacherib. ➲ Babylon restored by Nebuchadnezzar. ➲ Hanging Gardens and Seven Tier Ziggurat. ➲ Conquered by the Persians.

Hanging Gardens Seven Tier Ziggurat

Rise of Persians ➲ Home of the Persians had rich farmland and natural resources. ➲ Dozens of kingdoms rule, but two, Meades in the north and Persians in the south. ➲ Cyrus defeats the Meades and extends Persia power into Anatolia and the Fertile Crescent

Persian Empire Cyrus the Great's Tomb

Persian Rule ➲ Cyrus was known for his kindness toward conquered people. Great military leader, also. ➲ His son, Cambyses, extended Persian power into Egypt. Was no like his father. ➲ Darius extends power into modern Afghanistan and into the River Valleys of India.

Cambyses Darius

Darius Rule ➲ Darius was a great conqueror and administrative ruler. ➲ Divided empire into twenty provinces. ➲ Let people keep their way of life. ➲ Installed his own governors, satraps, tax collectors and sent out inspectors called the “eyes and ears.” ➲ Royal roads and coined money.

Royal Road Route Coined Money

Persian Religion ➲ Zoroaster was a religious prophet who taught that two spiritual armies were fighting for possession of a person's soul. You choose. ➲ Avesta is the holy book. ➲ Ahura Mazda- The god of truth and light. ➲ Ahriman- The god of evil and darkness.

Zooroaster Avesta

Ahura Mazda Ahriman

Philosophy and Social Order ➲ China's values of social order, harmony, and respect for authority were put aside toward the end of the Zhou. ➲ Confucius believed these values could be restored through our relationships. ➲ Believed in governing wisely.

Confucius Beliefs and Ideas of Government ➲ Five relationships- Ruler/subject, father/son, husband/wife, older brother/younger brother, friend/friend. ➲ Respect for parents/elders- filial piety. ➲ Laid the groundwork for bureaucracy. Stressed education.

Confucius Analects

Daoism ➲ Created by Laozi, stressed that a natural force called Dao, or the way, guides all things. ➲ All creatures, except humans, follow Dao. Natural order important. ➲ Argue about pointless questions such as right or wrong/good and bad manners. ➲ Government should leave people alone. Studied science.

Laozi

Legalism ➲ Created by Hanfeizi andSi. ➲ Highly efficient and powerful government is the key to social order. ➲ Harsh punishment and rich reward. ➲ Thinkers ideas should be controlled by the government.

Hanfeizi Li Si

I Ching Yin and Yang ➲ Iching is a book of oracles that answers ethical problems by throwing coins and interpreting the results. ➲ Yin and Yang are two powers that represent the natural rhythm of life and compliment each other. ➲ Acupuncture helps to restore this order.

I Ching Yin and Yang

Qin Dynasty ➲ Replaced the Zhou Dynasty around the third century B.C. ➲ Employed Legalist ideas. ➲ Ruled by Shi Huangdi. ➲ Halted internal battles and opposition to his rule. ➲ Doubles China size.

Rule of Shi Huangdi ➲ Seized the land of noble families. ➲ Strengthen the truck and weaken the branches. ➲ Divides China into thirty-six districts. ➲ Appoints his officials to run the districts. ➲ Useless books were to be destroyed

Shi Hunagdi's Programs ➲ Builds a highway network stretching 4,000 miles. ➲ Set standards for writing, law, and currency. ➲ Irrigation projects. ➲ Starts construction on the Great Wall of China.

Shi Huangdi

Great Wall of China

Fall of the Qin Dynasty ➲ Under Shi Huangdi, China was an autocracy. ➲ Forced labor and harsh treatment. ➲ Peasants rebelled against Shi Huangdi's son. Weak ruker. ➲ Han Dynasty takes control of China for 400 years.

Terra Cotta Soldiers