Tropism: The Way Plants Respond to Stimuli Presentation Created by Mr. M. Barr, Kleb Intermediate School With Adaptations by D. Tresten, Schindewolf Certain materials are included under the fair use exemption of the U.S. Copyright Law and have been prepared according to the multimedia fair use guidelines and are restricted from further use.  

Stimulus (pl. Stimuli): Cause Response: Effect

Credit: MSDesign Gallery Did you know that plants move? Weird, huh? The idea of plants moving struck David Wyndham as weird, too. After he studied tropism, he wrote a “horror novel” called “Day of the Triffids” about plants that “got even” with humans. A black and white movie was made of this novel. The Day of the Triffids By John Wyndham Credit: MSDesign Gallery For more information, go to: http://www.scifi.com/sfw/issue73/classic.html

Light All plants respond to light Stems and leaves grow toward light Response to light is phototropism

Gravity The response to gravity is called geotropism (or gravitropism) We do not need to worry about which way to plant a seed because the root grows down and the stem grows up. Why does this happen? It happens because plants respond to the pull of gravity. Root cells grow toward the pull of gravity; stem and leaf cells grow away from the pull of gravity. The response to gravity is called geotropism (or gravitropism)

Water A plant’s roots grow toward water (not very strongly; plant must be touching water) Growth of a plant’s roots toward water is called hydrotropism

Touch Some plants respond when they are touched Grapevines,etc. have tendrils which allow a plant to grow around an object Response of a plant to touch is thigmotropism

Color Plants respond to different colors of light Response of a plant to color is chromotropism

Heat Plants respond to different temperatures Response of a plant to temperature changes is called thermotropism

Examples View the following slides for examples of tropism (some of which are also called nastic movements)

View videos of Geotropism (AKA Gravitropism) Go to http://sunflower.bio.indiana.edu/~rhangart/plantmotion/earlygrowth/photomorph/photomorph.html Click on Germination and then click on Corn Or just Click Here

See animation and more facts: View an animation of Thigmotropism (which is sometimes called Nastic Movement) See animation and more facts: http://biology.kenyon.edu/edwards/project/steffan/b45sv.htm

View videos of Thigmotropism (or Nastic Movements) Go to this site: http://sunflower.bio.indiana.edu/~rhangart/plantmotion/movements/nastic/nastic.html and then click on the following words (which can be found on the left side of the page), or just click on the following : Sensitive plant Venus flytrap Sunflower nutation Morning glory twining

View animation of Phototropism http://www.landscapemodeling.org/html/animations/plant-growth.htm

View videos of Phototropism Go to http://sunflower.bio.indiana.edu/~rhangart/plantmotion/earlygrowth/photomorph/photomorph.html Look to the left and click on Sunflower Dark and Light and Dark-Grown Arabidoptris

and then click on Cool Corn Phototropism View a video of corn seedlings growing toward a light close to them and then toward an overhead light (a test of Phototropism) Go to this site: http://sunflower.bio.indiana.edu/~rhangart/plantmotion/movements/tropism/tropisms.html and then click on Cool Corn Phototropism

REVIEW

Name the Types of Tropisms that we Learned Clue: Water VS No water Clue: Heat VS Cold Clue: Close VS Far from Earth Clue: Touch with a toothpick Clue: Blue light VS Red light Clue: Dim light VS Bright light Hydrotropism Thigmotropism Thermotropism Chromotropism Phototropism Geotropism/Gravitropism

Word Bank Hydrotropism Thigmotropism Thermotropism Chromotropism Phototropism Geotropism/Gravitropism

Click when you know the answer: Tropism Definition: Response to light Response to heat Response to gravity Response to moisture Response to touch Response to colors Phototropism Thermotropism Gravitropism or Geotropism Hydrotropism Thigmotropism Chromotropism

Geotropism/Gravitropism Gravitropism or Geotropism Try again: Hydrotropism Thigmotropism Thermotropism Chromotropism Phototropism Geotropism/Gravitropism Tropism Definition: Response to touch Response to water Response to colors Response to cold Response to gravity Response to too little light Thigmotropism Hydrotropism Chromotropism Thermotropism Gravitropism or Geotropism Phototropism

Name the type of Tropism that each of the following investigations is testing…

Investigation # What form of tropism is being tested? Mesh Divider (Inserted to bottom of pan) Watered Soil Dry Soil Chromotropism Geotropism Hydrotropism Phototropism Thigmotropism Seeds =

Investigation # What form of tropism is being tested? Chromotropism Geotropism Hydrotropism Phototropism Thigmotropism Thermotropism Plant B Plant A

# Investigation What form of tropism do you think the scientist is meaning to test? What’s wrong with the idea? Chromotropism Geotropism Hydrotropism Phototropism Thigmotropism Thermotropism

Investigation # What form of tropism is being tested? Phototropism Thigmotropism Thermotropism Chromotropism Geotropism Hydrotropism

Investigation # What form of tropism is being tested? Chromotropism Geotropism Hydrotropism Phototropism Thigmotropism Thermotropism

Investigation # What form of tropism is being tested? Chromotropism Geotropism Hydrotropism Phototropism Thigmotropism Plant in the space shuttle Same kind of plant in a building on Earth

# Investigation What form of tropism is being tested? Are there possibly 2 or 3 variables? How could this test be improved? Chromotropism Geotropism Hydrotropism Phototropism Thigmotropism Thermotropism

Investigation # What form of tropism is being tested? Chromotropism Geotropism Hydrotropism Phototropism Thigmotropism Thermotropism

See animation and more facts: # Investigation What form of tropism is being tested? Chromotropism Geotropism Hydrotropism Phototropism Thigmotropism Thermotropism See animation and more facts: http://biology.kenyon.edu/edwards/project/steffan/b45sv.htm

Investigation # What form of tropism is being tested? Are there too many variables in this test? Chromotropism Geotropism Hydrotropism Phototropism Thigmotropism Thermotropism

Investigation # What form of tropism is being tested? Could there be more than one variable affecting the outcome of this test? Chromotropism Geotropism Hydrotropism Phototropism Thigmotropism Thermotropism

Oral Review Read the definition Say the answer aloud Click to see the answer

Click when you know the answer: Tropism Definition: Response to light Response to heat Response to gravity Response to moisture Response to touch Response to colors Phototropism Thermotropism Gravitropism or Geotropism Hydrotropism Thigmotropism Chromotropism

Gravitropism or Geotropism Try again: Tropism Definition: Response to touch Response to water Response to colors Response to cold Response to gravity Response to too little light Thigmotropism Hydrotropism Chromotropism Thermotropism Gravitropism or Geotropism Phototropism

Quiz Number from 1 – 15 Identify the types of tropism

This is an example of which form of tropism? #1 This is an example of which form of tropism? Chromotropism Geotropism Hydrotropism Phototropism Thigmotropism Thermotropism

#2 http://www.dickinson.edu/~nicholsa/Romnat/mimosa.htm Chromotropism Geotropism Hydrotropism Phototropism Thigmotropism Thermotropism Mimosa plants contract when touched. This is an example of what form of tropism?

#3 For a Humorous Animation of “Venus Pie Trap,” go to http://www.siggraph.org/artdesign/gallery/S99/animation/venus_pie.html Venus fly traps close around insects that “irritate” them. This is an example of what form of tropism? Source & For more information, go to: http://florawww.eeb.uconn.edu/acc_num/198501413.html

Investigation #4 What form of tropism is being tested if this bag is taped to a wall? Chromotropism Geotropism Hydrotropism Phototropism Thigmotropism Ziplock baggie, open at top Paper Towel, moist 1 of 2 seeds 1 is right side up/ other is upside down (lima beans, peas, corn) Staples to keep beans from moving

Data for Investigation 1: What evidence suggests geotropism? #5 Data for Investigation 1: What evidence suggests geotropism? Close-up View

Investigation #6 What form of tropism is being tested? Mesh Divider (Inserted to bottom of pan) Watered Soil Dry Soil Chromotropism Geotropism Hydrotropism Phototropism Thigmotropism Seeds =

Investigation #7 What form of tropism is being tested? Phototropism Thigmotropism Thermotropism Chromotropism Geotropism Hydrotropism Plant A Plant B

Investigation #8 What form of tropism is being tested? Chromotropism Geotropism Hydrotropism Phototropism Thigmotropism Thermotropism

Investigation #9 What form of tropism is being tested? Chromotropism Geotropism Hydrotropism Phototropism Thigmotropism Thermotropism

Investigation #10 What form of tropism is being tested? Chromotropism Geotropism Hydrotropism Phototropism Thigmotropism Thermotropism

See animation and more facts: #11 Investigation What form of tropism is being tested? Chromotropism Geotropism Hydrotropism Phototropism Thigmotropism Thermotropism See animation and more facts: http://biology.kenyon.edu/edwards/project/steffan/b45sv.htm

Investigation #12 What form of tropism is being tested? Chromotropism Geotropism Hydrotropism Thigmotropism Thermotropism

Investigation: #13 What form of tropism is being tested? Chromotropism Geotropism Hydrotropism Phototropism Thigmotropism Thermotropism

Investigation #14 What form of tropism is being tested? Chromotropism Geotropism Hydrotropism Phototropism Thigmotropism Thermotropism Plant in the space shuttle Same kind of plant in a building on Earth

Investigation What form of tropism is being tested? It’s hard to tell, isn’t it? Too many variables! Plant on the moon Chromotropism Geotropism Phototropism Thigmotropism Thermotropism

Investigation #15 What form of tropism is being tested? Chromotropism Geotropism Hydrotropism Phototropism Thigmotropism Thermotropism

Source: http://www.afpmb.org/mpmh/chap2.htm Forms of Tropism Know these for the test: PHOTOTROPISM -- response to light. GEOTROPISM -- response to earth contact or gravity. THERMOTROPISM -- response to heat. HYDROTROPISM -- response to moisture. CHROMOTROPISM -- response to colors. THIGMOTROPISM -- response to touch. Other forms of tropism: HELIOTROPISM -- response to direct sunlight. CHEMOTROPISM -- response to chemical stimuli. ANEMOTROPISM -- response to air current. Source: http://www.afpmb.org/mpmh/chap2.htm