9/21/ Absolute Monarchy in Europe World Studies Chapter 21

9/21/ Absolutism  Absolute Monarchs –Kings or queens who believed that they held all power –Divine right  God created the Monarchy  Monarchs were God’s representative on earth.

9/21/ Philip II  Defended Catholicism –Ottoman Muslims –English Protestants  Inherited Spanish Empire from father, Charles V  Inherited Portugal from uncle

9/21/ Philip II  By the time it was all said and done, Philip had the following territories outside of Europe: –Spanish claims in North America –Portuguese claims in South America –Portuguese claims in Africa

9/21/ Spanish Problems  Inflation from rise in population  Taxes  Trade Deficit  Don Quixote –By Cervantes –Portrayed corrupt, materialistic life in Spain

9/21/ Dutch Revolt  Spanish owed Netherlands  Dutch were Calvinists  William of Orange (Dutch Leader)  Drove Spanish out with water  Northern Netherlands became independent.  Dutch establish trading empire

9/21/ Rembrandt  The Syndics

9/21/ Jan Vermeer  Woman Weighing Pearls ( )

9/21/ French Monarchs: The Bourbon Dynasty

9/21/ Henry IV  1 st King of the Bourbon Dynasty  Converted to Catholicism – “Paris is well worth a Mass”  Edict of Nantes – Declared that Protestants could live in peace – Set up places of worship

9/21/ Cardinal Richelieu  Aide for Louis XIII  In reality, ruled France  Steps to improve the monarchy – Moved against Huguenots – Weakened nobles power – Tried to make France the strongest country in Europe

9/21/ Skepticism  Nothing is ever known for certain  Michel de Montaigne – Developed the essay – “All that is certain is that nothing is certain.”  René Descartes – Used observations to answer questions

9/21/ Louis XIV  Boy King-became king at age 5  Cardinal Mazarin  Louis takes control at age 23.  Increased the power of intendants or gov’t agents.

9/21/ Louis XIV  Jean Baptiste Colbert – Mercantilism-countries export more than they import to protect their economies. – What is a tariff? Tax on imports

9/21/ Louis XIV  Canceled the Edict of Nantes  Controlled nobles by having them work for him.  Versailles-king’s palace

9/21/ Louis XIV  Invasions – Spanish Netherlands (1667) – Dutch Netherlands (1672)  Gained Several towns  Drained French treasury

9/21/ Louis XIV – War of Spanish Succession ( )  Conflict over who took over for Charles II of Spain  Treaty of Utrecht – Louis’ grandson crowned King of Spain – France could not unite with Spain

9/21/ Thirty Years War  Fought between Hapsburg countries (Spain, Austria, Germany) and Protestant countries + France  Causes –Spread of Calvinism –Closing of Protestant churches by Ferdinand II –Conflict of power among Europe’s leaders

9/21/ Thirty Years War  Peace of Westphalia –Weakened Spain and Austria –France gained German territory –German princes were independent of Holy Roman Empire –Ended religious wars in Europe –New methods of negotiation

9/21/ Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible)  Inherited throne in 1533 (Age 3)  Boyars –Landowning nobles –Tried to control Ivan as a boy  First Czar of Russia (Age 16)  Good period ( )-seized lands for Russia, including Siberia

9/21/ Ivan the Terrible  “Bad Period” –After Anastasia’s (Ivan’s wife) death, he would kill anybody considered a traitor. –Killed son who he trained to inherit throne  Time of Troubles –Period after Ivan’s death –Ivan’s other son was unable to rule.

9/21/ Peter the Great  Ruled  Goal was to Westernize Russia –Introduced Potatoes –Started first Russian newspaper –Increased women’s status by attending social gatherings –Forced nobles to dress in Western clothing

9/21/ Opening Activity  Name the five rights guaranteed by the First Amendment of the United States Constitution.

9/21/ English Monarchs vs. Parliament  Charles I –Struggle over use of money –Petition of Right  No imprisonment w/o due cause  No taxes w/o Parliament’s consent  No quartering in private homes  No martial law in times of peace

9/21/ English Civil War ( )  Parliament was fed up with Charles’ need for money  Royalists-followers of the King  Puritans-supporters of Parliament –Led by Oliver Cromwell  Puritans captured Charles & executed him

9/21/ The Restoration  Charles II –Asked to rule the country –Restored the monarchy –Restored theater, sports, dancing –Habeas corpus-right to a trial

9/21/ Glorious Revolution  Overthrow of James II by William and Mary  Constitutional Monarchy-ruler’s power is limited by law

9/21/ English Bill of Rights  No suspending of Parliament’s laws  No taxation w/o Parliament’s consent  Freedom of speech  Freedom of petition  Cabinet-link between Parliament and the Monarch.