Minerals: Building blocks of rocks 1. By definition a mineral is not a. Naturally occurring b. Organic c. solid d. ordered internal molecular structure e. Definite chemical composition

Minerals: Building blocks of rocks 1. By definition a mineral is not a. Naturally occurring b. Organic c. solid d. ordered internal molecular structure e. Definite chemical composition

Atoms, the building block of Elements 2.Which of the following describes the central region of an atom? a.Nucleus, containing electrons and protons b.Nucleus, containing protons and neutrons c.Electron cloud, containing electrons and protons d.Electron cloud, containing electrons and neutrons

2.Which of the following describes the central region of an atom? a.Nucleus, containing electrons and protons b.Nucleus, containing protons and neutrons c.Electron cloud, containing electrons and protons a.Electron cloud, containing electrons and neutrons

3.When atoms lose or gain electrons they form a.Isotopes b.Ions c.Compounds d.Minerals

3.When atoms lose or gain electrons they form a.Isotopes b.Ions c.Compounds d.Minerals

Core Heat - heat from when the planet formed and accreted, which has not yet been lost - - frictional heating, caused by denser core material sinking to the center of the planet; and -heat from the decay of radioactive elements. 4.Radioactive elements are unstable isotopes. Which of the following describes isotopes of the same element? (for example C-12 and C-14) a.Same # of protons, different # of electrons b.Same # of neutrons, different # of protons c.Same # of protons, different #of neutrons d.Same # of electrons, different # of neutrons

4.Radioactive elements are unstable isotopes. Which of the following describes isotopes of the same element? (for example C-12 and C-14) a.Same # of protons, different # of electrons b.Same # of neutrons, different # of protons c.Same # of protons, different #of neutrons d.Same # of electrons, different # of neutrons

5.What are the building blocks of minerals? a. Atoms b. Isotopes c. Rocks d. Elements

Periodic Table of the Elements 5.What are the building blocks of minerals? a. Atoms b. Isotopes c. Rocks d. Elements

Composition of minerals Chemical bonding Formation of a compound by combining two or more elements

Types of Bonding 6. Which subatomic particles are involved in chemical bonding? –A. Nucleus –B. Electrons –C. Protons –D. Neutrons

Types of Bonding 6. Which subatomic particles are involved in chemical bonding? –A. Nucleus –B. Electrons –C. Protons –D. Neutrons

Types of Bonding 7. Which type of bonding involves sharing of electrons between 2 nonmetals? a. Ionic b. Covalent c. Metallic d. Hydrogen

7. Which type of bonding involves sharing of electrons between 2 nonmetals? a. Ionic b. Covalent c. Metallic d. Hydrogen

8. Physical properties of minerals What is the property that describes how a mineral reflects light? (ex. Metallic, nonmetallic) a.Luster b.Cleavage c.Fracture d.Crystalline structure

Physical properties of minerals 8. What is the property that describes how a mineral reflects light? (ex. Metallic, nonmetallic) a.Luster b.Cleavage c.Fracture d.Crystalline structure

Physical Properties of Minerals 9. What is the property that describes the tendency to break along planes of weak bonding producing flat, shiny surfaces? A. Fracture B. cleavage C. Hardness D. streak

Physical Properties of Minerals 9. What is the property that describes the tendency to break along planes of weak bonding producing flat, shiny surfaces? A. Fracture B. cleavage C. Hardness D. streak

10. Which mineral is harder than a Copper penny, but not a wire nail? A. Calcite B. Apatite C. fluorite D. gypsum

10. Which mineral is harder than a Copper penny, but not a wire nail? A. Calcite B. Apatite C. fluorite D. gypsum

11. What is the hardness of a mineral that can’t be scratched by Corundum, but can be scratched by Diamond? a.8 – 9 b.9 – 10 c.7 – 10 d.7 - 9

11. What is the hardness of a mineral that can’t be scratched by Corundum, but can be scratched by Diamond? a.8 – 9 b.9 – 10 c.7 – 10 d.7 - 9

12.Which property is the color of a mineral in its colored form? a. Color b. Luster c. Cleavage d. Streak

12.Which property is the color of a mineral in its colored form? a. Color b. Luster c. Cleavage d. Streak

Mineral groups Nearly 4000 minerals have been named Rock-forming minerals Common minerals that make up most of the rocks of Earth’s crust Only a few dozen members Composed mainly of the 8 elements that make up over 98% of the continental crust

Mineral Groups 13. What 2 elements make up 96% of Earth’s crust? –A. Oxygen and Nitrogen –B. Oxygen and Silicon –C. Oxygen and Sulfur –D. Oxygen and Aluminum

Elemental abundances in continental crust 13. What 2 elements make up 96% of Earth’s crust? A. Oxygen and Nitrogen B. Oxygen and Silicon C. Oxygen and Sulfur D. Oxygen and Aluminum

Mineral groups 14. The building block of silicate minerals is called the –a. Silicon-oxygen tetrahedron –B. Aluminum-oxygen tetrahedron –C. Silicon-oxygen triangle –D. Silicon-aluminum triangle

Mineral Groups 14. The building block of silicate minerals is called the a. Silicon-oxygen tetrahedron B. Aluminum-oxygen tetrahedron C. Silicon-oxygen triangle D. Silicon-aluminum triangle

Non-silicates Important nonsilicate minerals Typically divided into classes based on anions Comprise only about 4% of Earth’s crust Often occur in sedimentary rocks

Mineral Groups 15. Olivine, MgSiO 4, belongs to which mineral group? –A. Oxides –B. Carbonates –C. Halides –D. Silicates

Mineral Groups 15. Olivine, MgSiO 4, belongs to which mineral group? –A. Oxides –B. Carbonates –C. Halides –D. Silicates

Mineral Groups 16. Corundum, Al 2 O 3, belongs to which mineral group? –A. Oxides –B. Carbonates –C. Sulfates/Sulfides –D. Halides

Mineral Groups 16. Corundum, Al 2 O 3, belongs to which mineral group? –A. Oxides – a metal and Oxygen –B. Carbonates –C. Sulfates/Sulfides –D. Halides

Mineral Groups 17. Halite, known as table salt NaCl, belongs to which mineral group? –A. Carbonates –B. Halides –C. Native elements –D. Oxides

Mineral Groups 17. Halite, known as table salt NaCl, belongs to which mineral group? –A. Carbonates –B. Halides – a metal and a Halogen (group 17 on the Periodic Table such as Chlorine) –C. Native elements –D. Oxides

Mineral Groups 18. Calcite, CaCO 3, found in stalagtites and stalagmites, belongs to which mineral group? – A. Halites – B. Oxides – C. Silicates – D. Carbonates

Mineral Groups 18. Calcite, CaCO 3, found in stalagtites and stalagmites, belongs to which mineral group? – A. Halites – B. Oxides – C. Silicates – D. Carbonates

Mineral Groups 19. Galena or Lead Ore, PbS, belongs to which mineral group? a.Sulfates/sulfides b.Silicates c.Oxides d.Native elements

Mineral Groups 19. Galena or Lead Ore, PbS, belongs to which mineral group? a.Sulfates/sulfides b.Silicates c.Oxides d.Native elements

Mineral Groups 20. Gold and Silver, Au and Ag, belong to which mineral group? –A. Oxides –B. Native elements –C. Halides –D. Silicates

Mineral Groups 20. Gold and Silver, Au and Ag, belong to which mineral group? A. Oxides B. Native elements – single elements C. Halides D. Silicates