Rev. 9/13/01 © 2001 Intel Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Curriculum-Framing Questions What Are Curriculum-Framing Questions? How Do They Help Teachers? How Do They Help Students?

2 © 2002 Intel Corporation. All Rights Reserved. What are Curriculum- Framing Questions? Curriculum-Framing Questions guide a unit of study and include Essential and Unit Questions These Questions: Reflect conceptual priorities Go to the heart of the discipline Recur naturally Raise important questions across content areas Have no one obvious “right” answer Are framed to provoke student interest

3 © 2002 Intel Corporation. All Rights Reserved. What is the difference between Essential and Unit Questions? Essential Questions: Are broad in scope Provide bridges between disciplines and units of study Example: How does conflict produce change? Unit Questions: Are tied to a specific topic or unit of study Support and continue the study of an Essential Question Examples: How does stress on the environment impact evolution? How were changes in economics a factor in the Civil War? In the story, Charlotte’s Web, how do the animals’ different abilities help Wilbur survive and succeed?

4 © 2002 Intel Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Why Use Curriculum-Framing Questions? To target higher-level thinking skills To require comparison, synthesis, interpretation, evaluation, etc. To ensure student projects are compelling and engaging To require more than a simple restatement of facts To focus on important topics To connect learning to other disciplines and other topics of study To ask questions that have been asked throughout human history To address compelling questions that students ask

5 © 2002 Intel Corporation. All Rights Reserved. They help teachers focus on important topics in their year-long curriculum and bring meaning across subject areas: How Do Essential Questions Help Teachers? They raise important questions across content areas (Math, Science, Literature, History, etc.). They center around major issues, problems, concerns, interests, or themes that also occur in other units.

6 © 2002 Intel Corporation. All Rights Reserved. They help to engage students: Essential Questions bring meaning and focus to the study of events and topics throughout a project or course, which otherwise may seem arbitrary or unrelated. How Do Essential Questions Help Students? They help students compare, contrast, and make analogies. Questions are relevant, compelling, interesting, and are written in age- appropriate, student language.

7 © 2002 Intel Corporation. All Rights Reserved. They engage students’ imagination and connect the subject with their own experiences and ideas. How Do Essential Questions Help Students? They help to engage students: There is no one, obvious “right” answer, so students are challenged to explore many possibilities. They encourage in-depth discussion and research, and set the stage for further questioning.

8 © 2002 Intel Corporation. All Rights Reserved. What is an Essential Question? …And what is not? Essential Questions vs “Simple,” Fact-based, “One” Answer Questions How does art reflect culture or change it? What is renaissance art? Essential Questions vs “Simple,” Fact-based, “One” Answer Questions How does art reflect culture or change it? What is renaissance art? How does an organism succeed in its environment? What is the life cycle of a frog? Essential Questions vs “Simple,” Fact-based, “One” Answer Questions How does art reflect culture or change it? What is renaissance art? How does an organism succeed in its environment? What is the life cycle of a frog? How does conflict produce change? What is the conflict in the story…? Essential Questions vs “Simple,” Fact-based, “One” Answer Questions How does art reflect culture or change it? What is renaissance art? How does an organism succeed in its environment? What is the life cycle of a frog? How does conflict produce change? What is the conflict in the story…? Why do laws change?How does a bill become law? Essential Questions vs “Simple,” Fact-based, “One” Answer Questions How does art reflect culture or change it? What is renaissance art? How does an organism succeed in its environment? What is the life cycle of a frog? How does conflict produce change? What is the conflict in the story…? Why do laws change?How does a bill become law? Is history a history of progress?What are three inventions created by Ben Franklin? Click here to see how a team of teachers can use one Essential Question

9 © 2002 Intel Corporation. All Rights Reserved. How can Different Unit Questions Support a Single Essential Question? Unit Questions asked in one course of study can explore different facets of an Essential Question. Unit Questions Teams of teachers from different disciplines can use their own unique Unit Questions to support one common, unifying Essential Question.

10 © 2002 Intel Corporation. All Rights Reserved. How can Different Unit Questions Support a Single Essential Question? Social Studies Unit Question: How does war create change in the economy? Language Arts Unit Questions: In Lord of the Flies, how do the characters respond to conflict? How does Lord of the Flies help us to understand our complex human nature? Science Unit Question: How do animals adapt to a changing environment?

11 © 2002 Intel Corporation. All Rights Reserved. How can Different Unit Questions Support a Single Essential Question? Unit Questions targeting different age groups can support an over- arching Essential Question that is developed across grade levels. For example, Francis W. Parker Charter Essential School in Massachusetts uses school-wide Essential Questions where coursework across all grade levels (7-12) focuses on one Essential Question: What is community? [1995–96] What is change? [1996–97] What is balance? [1997–98] Where are the patterns? [1998–99] What's the limit? [1999–2000] What really matters? [ ] Where's the truth? [ ]

12 © 2002 Intel Corporation. All Rights Reserved. How do Unit Questions Support Essential Questions? Essential Question&Unit Questions How can math help me understand the world around me? What are fractals good for? Why have stories always been important throughout history? Why do we still read Shakespeare? How does art reflect or change society? How does impressionist art reflect life in the late 1800’s? How does your own art reflect your life and culture? What does it take to change the world? How did the policies or actions of Abraham Lincoln affect America in the 1860’s? How do the policies or actions of Abraham Lincoln affect your life today?

13 © 2002 Intel Corporation. All Rights Reserved. How are Essential and Unit Questions Related to Curriculum Frameworks? 4 th Grade Standard (California) Students will know that plate tectonics account for important features of Earth’s surface and major geologic events. Sample objective Students will demonstrate and explain how volcanoes and different types of mountains result from plate motions. Overarching Concept Change Essential Question How does the earth change? Unit QuestionHow are mountains made? Could a volcano erupt in my backyard?

14 © 2002 Intel Corporation. All Rights Reserved. 10 th Grade Standard (Oregon) Students will understand how literature records, reflects, communicates, and influences human events. …Students will identify themes in literary works and provide support for interpretations from the text. Sample objective Students will identify a common theme in one of Shakespeare’s plays and in a contemporary work, comparing and contrasting the theme’s development. Overarching Concept Prevailing Themes in Literature Human Nature Essential Question Why have stories always been important throughout human history? Unit QuestionWhy do we still read Shakespeare? How are Essential and Unit Questions Related to Curriculum Frameworks?

15 © 2002 Intel Corporation. All Rights Reserved. What Are Some Tips for Developing Curriculum-Framing Questions? Just start…don’t worry about the mechanics and language. Focus on brainstorming. Think about the questions your students ask each time you teach this unit, and focus on what they find most fascinating. Determine what you want your students to remember from this Unit in five years. You may want to write your question as a statement first, and then revise it into a question. If needed, write the questions in adult language to capture the essential understandings, then rewrite in “kid” language. Be sure that all questions—even Unit Questions—have more than one obvious “right” answer—to target higher-level thinking Keep asking the question students ask: “So what?”

16 © 2002 Intel Corporation. All Rights Reserved. What Are Some Tips for Developing Curriculum-Framing Questions? After your brainstorming, share your questions with several colleagues and gather other ideas for revising your questions. Continue to revisit and improve questions throughout the creation of your Unit Portfolio.

17 © 2002 Intel Corporation. All Rights Reserved. The Essential Question for the Intel ® Teach to the Future Program How can technology be used as a tool for learning and not an end in itself? Click here to return to “Tips”

18 © 2002 Intel Corporation. All Rights Reserved. What Are Some Tips for Developing Curriculum-Framing Questions? Just start…don’t worry about the mechanics and language. Focus on brainstorming. Think about the questions your students ask each time you teach this unit, and focus on what they find most fascinating. Determine what you want your students to remember from this Unit in five years. You may want to write your question as a statement first, and then revise it into a question. If needed, write the questions in adult language to capture the essential understandings, then rewrite in “kid” language. Be sure that all questions—even Unit Questions—have more than one obvious “right” answer—to target higher-level thinking Keep asking the question students ask: “So what?”