Non-specific & Specific immune responses

 is the body’s ability to repel foreign substances by defension against invading pathogens by removal of dead cells by identification & destruction of abnormal and mutant cells by rejection of „foreign“ cells and organs

 Allergies  Autoimmune disorders Lupus Allergens

 innate  quick  body’s first line against invaders  not directed against a particular pathogen

 Species resistance  Mechanical barriers  Chemical barriers  Fever  Inflammation  Phagocytosis

 acquired  effective against specific pathogens  cooperate with lymphatic system - lymphocytes

 Cellular immunity = Cellular immune system T – lymphocytes – originate in bone marrow and mature in thymus cytotoxic T-cells; helper T-cells, suppressor T-cells MECHANISM:  T-lymphocytes mature into active killer T-cells that attack cells infected by pathogens or are cancerous  lysis of infected cell  suprpessor T-cells stop the activity of killer T-cells

 Humoral immunity = Humoral immune system B – lymphocytes – originate in bone marrow and stay there to develop antibodies MECHANISM:  Helper T-cells activate B-lymphocytes  they mature into plasma cells = memory cells (are able to produce antibodies and form memory marks to remember invaders for the next time)  each antibody binds with particular antigen  agglutination (clump together)  phagocytosis by macrophages