Physical effects on plankton and productivity on the Faroe Plateau E. Gaard, B. Hansen, S. K. Eliasen and K. M. H. Larsen Faroese Fisheries Laboratory.

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Presentation transcript:

Physical effects on plankton and productivity on the Faroe Plateau E. Gaard, B. Hansen, S. K. Eliasen and K. M. H. Larsen Faroese Fisheries Laboratory Tórshavn, Faroe Islands

Content of the talk Plankton variability Cod growth & recruitment variability Possible environmental effects

Location of the Faroe shelf

The Faroe Shelf ecosystem The shelf water is well separated from the surrounding offshore. Retention of holo- and meroplankton The plankton is different in composition, timing and production from offshore An ecosystem. The primary production is the basis for production in the higher trophic levels.

Phytoplankton biomass Seasonal,

Chlorophyll a & nitrate

Nitrate, 40 m 23 June - 1 July 2000

Nitrate, Faroe shelf

Index of potential new primary production Spring – mid summer,

Zooplankton in spring Calanus Reproduction Neritic zooplankton

Zooplankton in late April

Cod variability

Primary production and cod

What causes the large fluctuations in potential new primary production ?

Solar radiation – PPnew

Zooplankton DW & nitrate Faroe shelf, late June

Overwintered Calanus (CV-CVI) April On the shelfOffshore – Shelf difference

Modelled chlorophyll concentrations with high exchange rate (k = 4000 m/day), with & without Calanus off shelf

Modelled chlorophyll concentrations (high and low exchange rates) compared with observations from different years

Air temperature in Tórshavn (January-April) and Primary Production Index Air temperature PP index

200m Surface temperature 18. April 2003 (from P. Miller, Plymouth Marine Lab)

Seasonal variations in mean month temperature

Heat and freshwater exchanges affect the shelf temperature, salinity, and density Cooling in winter Rain Horizontal exchange

Salinity difference across the shelf front

Density difference across the shelf front

Potential new primary production and density difference across the shelf front in May

Hypothesis Horizontal exchange inhibits primary production A large density difference across the shelf front inhibits horizontal exchange (through baroclinic instability, e.g.) The air temperature in Jan-April determines the density difference across the shelf front Cold winters give good production