Introduction to Colonization & Decolonization: Case Studies in Modern Africa and Asia Colonization in 1945

Terms colonialism: one country’s domination of another country or people, usually achieved through aggressive actions; involves _________________ ________________ of one country over another colony: the territory acquired, usually through __________________________ colonization: the act of colonizing

Terms continued… imperialism: similar to colonialism but used more broadly to refer to _________________________ exercised either _________________________ new imperialism: period of _________________ imperialism involving extension of _____________ _________________ in ____________________, ___________________

Terms continued… decolonization: process of granting __________________________ to a colony; refers particularly to the period after ________________ when European colonies in Africa and Asia achieved independence

History of Imperialism – Periods: I. Imperialism before 1450 II. Age of European Exploration & Early Modern European Imperialism ( ) III. European Merchant Empires ( ) IV. Imperialism of Free Trade ( ) V. New Imperialism ( ) VI. Mandates (post-WWI) & Trusts (post-WWII) VII. Decolonization ( ) VIII. Modern Economic Imperialism & Neocolonialism

I. Imperialism before 1450

Alexander the Great’s Empire, 320 B.C.

Roman Empire, 117 C.E.

Mongol Empire, late 1200s

Ottoman Empire,

Aztec Empire, 1400s-1521

II. Age of European Exploration & Early Modern European Imperialism ( )

Why? ECONOMIC/POLITICAL POWER mercantilism –

Trading Companies British East India Company (1600) Dutch East India Company (1602) Dutch West India Company (1621)

Why? GOD (i.e. RELIGION)

Who?

In 1492 …. … _________________ sailed the ocean blue …

… and the lucky guy ran into a giant heap of dirt in the way of his targeted destination. Result: _______________ builds a colonial empire in the so-called “______________.”

Going back a bit to 1488 … ____________________ reaches the ______________________ [And 518 years later, so did I!]

And in 1498… _________________________ rounds the southernmost tip of Africa... … and reaches __________ via the sea Cape Agulhas

_____________ Empire, at maximum extent in the 16 th c.

_____________ Empire in 1770

____________ Colonies, 17 th c.

_______________ Colonies in North America,

_____________ Colonial Empire Key light blue = first empire of 1600s-1700s; dark blue = second empire, built after 1830

III. European Merchant Empires ( )

3 world systems North Atlantic South Atlantic Indian Ocean

North Atlantic system regions: colonial powers: main products:

South Atlantic system regions: colonial powers: main products:

Indian Ocean system regions: colonial power: main products:

IV. Imperialism of Free Trade ( ) extension of ________________________ ___________________ rather than asserting formal political control driven by _______________  product of ___________________ (begins in Britain ca. 1780)  Adam Smith’s _____________________ (1776)

“The sun never sets on the British Empire.”

V. New Imperialism ( ) states resume extending _______________ ____________________, not just __________________________________ territories acquired in _________ & _______ still driven by ________________

Imperialism in Africa, 1914

Imperialism in Asia, 1914

VI. Mandates (post-WWI) & Trusts (post-WWII) League of Nations mandates – United Nations Trust Territories –  colonial power required to set target date for trust’s independence

League of Nations mandates in Africa, the Middle East, and the Pacific

VII. Decolonization ( )

VIII. Modern Economic Imperialism & Neocolonialism economic domination: