Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.

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Presentation transcript:

Biogeochemical Cycles

3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics (Entropy)

Earth: Matter does not come and go Earth is a Closed System to Matter

Biogeochemical Cycles: Reservoirs & Pathways Atmosphere Hydrosphere Lithosphere Biosphere

Some Major Cycles of Matter Water Cycle Rock Cycle Chemical Cycles Carbon Nitrogen Phosphorous Sulfur

Carbon Cycle Atmosphere Hydrosphere Lithosphere Biosphere

Carbon Cycle: Reservoirs Atmosphere Hydrosphere Lithosphere Biosphere 1x (= 7.3x10 17 grams carbon) 3x 55x 35,000x

Carbon Cycle Atmosphere Hydrosphere Lithosphere Biosphere Photosynthesis Respiration& Decay

Carbon Cycle Atmosphere Hydrosphere Lithosphere Biosphere Photosynthesis Respiration& Decay Burial & Lithification Weathering & Volcanism Dissolution Photosynthesis Burial & Lithification Exsolution

Carbon Cycle Atmosphere Hydrosphere Lithosphere Biosphere Human Impacts Burning fossil fuels: Increased combustion Deforestation: Decrease Photosynthesis Increase Respiration Net Effect: Increase in Carbon in Atmosphere

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide northern summer northern winter

Nitrogen Cycle Atmosphere Hydrosphere Lithosphere Biosphere Nitrogen fixation: bacteria lightning Waste & Decomposition Denitification: bacteria Erosion Absorption

Nitrogen- Fixing Bacteria in Root Nodules

Nitrogen Cycle Atmosphere Hydrosphere Lithosphere Biosphere Nitrogen fixation: industrial (fertilizer) combustion Increased Erosion Human Impacts Net Effect: Increase in Nitrogen in water & soil

Phosphorous Cycle Atmosphere Hydrosphere Lithosphere Biosphere Never enters the atmosphere Waste & Decomposition Weathering & Erosion Absorption Sedimentation Absorption

Phosphorous Cycle Hydrosphere Lithosphere Biosphere Mining, use (fertilizer, detergent, etc.) & increased runoff Human Impacts Net Effect: Increase in phosphorous in water & “algal blooms”; Depletion in soils More Phos. for organisms

Eutrophication

Impact: Red Tide

Sulfur Cycle Atmosphere Hydrosphere Lithosphere Biosphere Volcanoes & Weathering Waste & Decomposition Deep Sea Vents Absorption Sedimentation Absorption Precipitation “Evaporation” Weathering Bacteria Release Bacteria Absorption

Sulfur Cycle Atmosphere Hydrosphere Lithosphere Biosphere Burning Fossil Fuels Precipitation” Acid Rain Human Impacts Net Effect: Increase in atmosphere (health effects) and acid rain

What is the ultimate interface of all 4 reservoirs for these cycles? Soil