AS History Matters AS History Matters  “Power is my mistress. I have worked too hard at her conquest to allow anyone to take her away from me.”  “There are but two powers in the world, the sword and the mind. In the long run the sword is always beaten by the mind."  “Impossible is a word to be found only in the dictionary of fools.”  "He that makes war without many mistakes has not made war very long."  “Death is nothing, but to live defeated and inglorious is to die daily.”  “Ten people who speak make more noise than ten thousand who are silent.”  “History is the version of past events that people have decided to agree upon”.  “I know when it is necessary, how to leave the skin of lion to take one of fox.”  “A man will fight harder for his interests than for his rights.”  “A throne is only a bench covered with velvet.”  “Religion is what keeps the poor from murdering the rich.” All these quotes are from Napoleon. What do they tell you about him?

AS History Matters AS History Matters Monday, 21 September 2015 How did Napoleon seize power in 1799? KI4: Napoleonic Age

AS History Matters AS History Matters Monday, 21 September 2015 Session Aims Events of Review events of Explain factors leading to downfall of the Directoire Investigate the significance of this event

AS History Matters AS History Matters 13/02/12 Feb Half term 20/02/ /02/ /03/ /03/ /03/ /03/12 R 1 02/04/12 Easter Hols 09/04/12 Easter Hols 16/04/12 R 2 23/04/12 R 3 30/04/12 R 4 07/05/12 R all 14/05/12 Y12 EXAM

AS History Matters AS History Matters By what other name was the Whiff of Grapeshot known? What was its significance?

AS History Matters AS History Matters The Whiff of Grapeshot

AS History Matters AS History Matters T A S K 1.What crises faced the Directory during 1799? 2.How successful were the policies introduced in 1799 to combat the deepening economic and military crises?

AS History Matters AS History Matters How did NB prepare for the coup of 18 Brumaire? What was its significance?

AS History Matters AS History Matters Complete this timeline for KI4 1799* On your A3 timeline you can have a maximum of two event per year represented. Choose wisely.

AS History Matters AS History Matters The Rise and Fall of Napoleon’s Empire How does this Picture reflect the information you gathered from the quotes?

AS History Matters AS History Matters How about these two Pictures?

AS History Matters AS History Matters Church Representatives Empress Josephine

AS History Matters AS History Matters For Each Slide…. For each slide, add information to your chart. Make sure you put things in the correct category! As you go put a P next to things that are Political, an S next to things that are Social and an E next to things that are Economic.

AS History Matters AS History Matters Napoleon was born here, on the Island of Corsica

AS History Matters AS History Matters I. Napoleon Seizes Power 1769 – Born on Corsica Military school in France on Scholarship Saved National Convention, by firing shot at a mob come to get them Directory sent him into Italy- Success! Egypt - while there he practices administration, but loses to Nelson Returns to France as the Hero of Egypt (the news he lost is slower to arrive.) 1799 – dissolved Directory, seized power with Sieyes and Ducos and they become consuls to run the government Later, even more popular, he declares himself the one leader of France He takes on the Powers of a Dictator

AS History Matters AS History Matters Napoleon Rules France Plebiscite (public vote) approved new constitution – Napoleon stronger He repair the economy – fixed tax collection, established a national bank, fired the corrupt Lycees – started government run public schools, rewards based on merit Concordat – repairs the relationship with Church, He will claim influence but no control Establishes the Napoleonic Code – A system of laws that were uniform but eliminated individual rights, and restored slavery in Caribbean

AS History Matters AS History Matters Napoleon Creates an Empire 1804 – crowned himself Emperor Wanted territory in New World, couldn’t overcome slave armies in Haiti and sold the Louisiana Purchase to the USA Wanted to expand in Europe, other nations attacked & were defeated, signed peace treaties Austerlitz is his finest battle. He crushes both the Russians and Austrians Battle of Trafalgar – England’s Nelson destroyed the French fleet, Napoleon wouldn’t be able to invade Britain Most of continental Europe in his control by 1812

AS History Matters AS History Matters The Greatest Extent of Napoleon’s Empire!

AS History Matters AS History Matters Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes A)Continental System – blockade against Great Britain, destroy economy, make continental Europe more self-sufficient, Britain did it better… B)Peninsular War – French marched into Spain, took over govt., Spanish guerrilla forces attacked, French army severely weakened C)Napoleon establishes his relatives as kings in the countries he conquers. These people are not competent rulers. The citizens of these countries revolt.

AS History Matters AS History Matters D) Invasion of Russia – Meant to punish Czar for selling grain to England ,000 + French soldiers invade Russia Russians pull back and refuse to fight, practice scorched-earth policy, and burn Moscow down. Napoleon marched back to France in winter, lost his army to the cold. 20,000 walk out… “Swallows fell from the sky like stones, frozen in flight in the bitter cold…”

AS History Matters AS History Matters Napoleon’s Downfall Major powers attacked: England and Prussia 1814 – Napoleon surrendered at Leipzig, exiled to island of Elba New king unpopular, Napoleon escaped Elba, returns to France a Hero for 100 days and built a new army in 1815 Battle of Waterloo – Napoleon defeated by combined forces of Russia, Prussia, Austria Sweden and England St. Helena – Exiled until his death in 1821

AS History Matters AS History Matters Now that you have these notes… Go back through your entries and label each event: – P for Political – S for Social – E for economic Also, Can you identify any examples where Napoleon’s actions were Reactionary, Conservative, Liberal or Radical? Explain…

AS History Matters AS History Matters Homework Answer this question (with a plan), within the 12 minutes. Explain why the Directoire collapsed in 1799? (12 marks)