Assimilation and Pluralism Immigration and Emigration Assimilation Theories Patterns of Assimilation and Mobility Characteristics of Assimilation Types of Pluralism

Immigration and Emigration Emigrate Immigrate Chain Migration Sojourner Bird of Passage Guest Worker Illegal/Undocumented Alien Foreign-Born and Immigrant

American Immigration Laws 1790 Naturalization Act: Whites only 1868Burlingame Treaty: recognized free migration and emigration of Chinese to US as visitors, traders or permanent residents. 1882Chinese Exclusion Act: no more Chinese emigration 1906Gentlemen’s Agreement: Tensions with Japan intensified in 1906 when the public school system in San Francisco, California, segregated immigrant Japanese children. A 1907 agreement between the United States and Japan, known as the Gentlemen’s Agreement, resolved the dispute, but tensions persisted between the two ascendant powers Deny land ownership to Japanese immigrants 1920 Aliens who are ineligible for citizenship are not allowed to lease agricultural land or acquire agricultural land from minors 1921 Ladies Agreement: Japan barred emigration of picture brides 1922Cable Act: White woman lost citizenship if she married Asian 1923 Alien Land Law: Illegal for aliens ineligible for citizenship to acquire, possess, enjoy, use, cultivate, occupy and/or transfer real property. Their was based on ineligibility of Japanese to be naturalized citizenship. This underscored necessity of citizenship. 1923Asian-Indian Exclusion Act 1924National Origins Act: prevented Asian men from bringing their Asian wives to US. Still let European men go home to get their wives 1924US Border Patrol established

Immigrants to the United States by Decade:

Persons Obtaining Legal Permanent Resident Status by Region and Selected Country of Last Residence,

Region and Last Country of Residence for Immigrants entering the United States, 2006

Patterns of Assimilation and Mobility Social Mobility Economic Mobility Political Mobility Educational Mobility Occupational Mobility

Assimilation Theories Robert Park Milton Gordon Human Capital

Characteristics of Assimilation Religion Gender/Sex Social Class Economic Class

Types of Pluralism Enclave Minority Middleman Minority Integration without Acculturation

In-Class Exercise Trace your immigrant roots explaining how you or your immigrant ancestors may have assimilated into the dominant culture. Also note how you or your ancestors maintained your cultural identity even while operating as the minority group.