Ohio’s Proposed Initiatives Allison Sharer, OCPS II Prevention Liaison Montgomery County ADAMHS 1

2 Personal Use MedicalHemp Responsible OhioXX Responsible Ohioans for Cannabis XX Ohio Rights GroupXX Ohioans to End Prohibition XXX Better for OhioXXX Ohio House Bill 33LIMITED Ohio’s Initiatives

3 Leading initiative: Personal & “Medical” use WILL be on the ballot in November! Proposed Constitutional Amendment: Issue 3

Responsible Ohio Status Gathered signatures: validation rate of 39.7% short by 30,000 Turned in additional 95,000 July 30 August 12: Attorney General approved for Fall ballot Jon Husted has opened an investigation for possible voter fraud Issue 2: Parallel “anti-monopoly” amendment 4

Issue 2: Ohio Initiated Monopolies Amendment Requires Ohio Ballot Board to determine if an initiative would create an economic monopoly or special privilege for any nonpublic entity, including individuals, corporations and organizations. 5

Issue 2: Ohio Initiated Monopolies Amendment If a monopoly is determined, Board provides 2 separate ballot questions: 1."Shall the petitioner, in violation of... be authorized to initiate a constitutional amendment that grants or creates a monopoly... “ 2.The actual ballot initiative. Both questions must pass for the amendment to take effect. If Issue 2 and 3 both pass in November, Issue 2 will invalidate Issue 3. 6

Responsible Ohio’s Legalization Plan Legalizes personal use & “medical” Establishes non-profit  Medical dispensaries Establishes for-profit  10 MGCE facilities in state (initially)  Product manufacturing  Retail stores (1 per 10,000 population = 1159)  10 investors receive profits Tax revenue distribution plan 7

Responsible Ohio Scheme 8

Responsible Ohio’s Legalization Plan “Medical” Licensed doctor Issues certification No disciplinary action of docs allowed (even Med Board) No limits on amounts can have Under age 18 is allowable with parent/guardian consent Low-cost available to low-income individuals Can use anywhere* ** 9 * No use in any vehicle, aircraft, train, motorboat ** Must allow to self-administer at job/school/etc.

Responsible Ohio’s Legalization Plan Personal Use 4 flowering plants No mention of limit on non-flowering 8 ozs. of usable homegrown marijuana 1 oz. of marijuana Legal age: 21 No use in public places* 10 No use in any vehicle, aircraft, train, motorboat

Location limits  No use: Public places Near churches, schools, child-care centers, libraries, playgrounds, jails In vehicle, aircraft, train, motorboat  No growing, manufacture, sales, dispensing near churches, etc.  No operation while under the influence: Vehicle, aircraft, train, motorboat  Employers can restrict; but must allow medical use  Schools/etc. must allow medical use on premises 11 Responsible Ohio’s Legalization Plan

Edibles  No potency limits listed Voters can deny retail stores at local level 12 Responsible Ohio’s Legalization Plan

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Key areas of concern 14

4 Environmental Factors 15 Prevention research has found these factors influence the rate of substance abuse problems in our communities: C C ommunity Norms A A ccess & Availability M M edia Messages P P olicy & Enforcement

CommunityNorms 16

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Common Attitudes Legal = safe It’s just weed, it’s not like it’s... It’s safer than alcohol It’s medical. If it’s good for you, how can it be bad for you? It’s harmless It’s natural Everybody does it 18

As marijuana policies have changed 19 Monitoring the Future (MTF) Source: Monitoring the Future, Percentage of U.S. Twelfth Grade Students Reporting Past Month Marijuana Use and a Perceived Great Risk of Harm from Regular Marijuana Use,

Perception of Marijuana as Risky/Wrong for their age Colorado High School Students 20

21 Nationally, 2x more youth smoke marijuana than cigarettes It took DECADES for tobacco prevention efforts to change societal norms

Access&Availability 22

Outlet density  Responsible Ohio proposing: 1159 retail outlets (Ohio has 203 Starbucks)  Colorado: Marijuana Retail Stores369 Medical Marijuana Centers 497 Starbucks Coffee405 McDonalds Responsible Ohio’s Legalization Plan

“Medical” Licensed doctor Issues certification No disciplinary action of docs allowed (even Med Board) No limits on amounts can have Under age 18 is allowable with parent/guardian consent Low-cost available to low- income individuals Can use anywhere* Personal Use 4 flowering plants No mention of limit on non- flowering 8 ozs. of usable homegrown marijuana 1 oz. of marijuana Legal age: 21 No use in public places* 24 * No use in any vehicle, aircraft, train, motorboat ** Must allow to self-administer at job/school/etc.

What does 1 oz. look like? 1 oz. = approx. 60 joints aka NORML: 1 joint at minimum = 4 hrs. intoxication 60 joints x 4 hrs. intoxication = 240 hrs. high per oz. 240 hrs. = 10 days of continual high 8 Note: Responsible Ohio allows 8 oz. 25

“4 flowering plants” When you think of a plant... ? 26

What do 4 plants look like? 1 plant = lbs. of marijuana 1 lb. = 16 oz. 4 plants = 32 to oz. 4 plants = 320 to 345 days of continual high 27 Source: National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML)

Sample Possession Limits & Resulting Number of Days of Intoxication Number of Ounces Days of Intoxicatio n Number of Plants Days of Intoxicatio n Colorado Washington 1100NA Alaska Oregon & OHIO proposed Washington DC Range of Medical 1 –

29 Ounces Days of Intoxication Plants Days of Intoxication Responsible Ohio Responsible Ohioans for Cannabis NA Ohio Rights Group UNLIMITED Ohioans to End Prohibition Better for Ohio Ohio House Bill 33 NOT SPECIFIED Sample Amounts & Resulting Number of Days of Intoxication

Where will the excess go? 30

31 Where will the excess go? Denver, Colorado 72% of youth under age 18 receiving treatment for a substance use disorder report they got their marijuana from a medical marijuana cardholder. Denver: Healthy Kids Colorado Survey

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Denver 2014 Student Survey Last 30 day use rate GradeMarijuana U.S. Marijuana Denver Percent higher in Denver than U.S. 8 th 6.5%22.5% 350% 9 th 17%23.8%35% 10 th 16.6%25.3%56% 12th21.2%30%42% 33 Sources: U.S. 8th 10th and 12th Grade Monitoring the Future 2014 U.S. 9th Grade – CDC Youth Risk Behavior Survey 2014 Denver: Healthy Kids Colorado Survey

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Increased Potency Average:  1970s:< 1% THC  1990s:3 – 4 % THC  Today: 13% THC 36 Source: The University of Mississippi Potency Monitoring Project

37 When you think of marijuana... THEN: NOW:

Increased access to high potency forms 38

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is Marijuana is addictive 1 out of 11 users become addicted  Similar to alcohol When use starts in adolescence, rate is 1 out of 6  Similar to cocaine 40 Source: Wagner, F.A. & Anthony, J.C. From first drug use to drug dependence; developmental periods of risk for dependence upon cannabis, cocaine, and alcohol. Neuropsychopharmacology 26, (2002).

Marijuana use and psychosis Individuals who use long-term or engage in high- potency use Predictors:  Family history of psychosis  Daily use in adolescence  Onset of use by age 15 Frequent marijuana users have a 3x higher likelihood of experiencing a psychotic episode Daily users have a 5x higher likelihood of experiencing a psychotic episode 41 Patton, George C., et al. "Cannabis use and mental health in young people: cohort study." Bmj (2002):

Rocky Mountain Poison Center 42

43 Rocky Mountain Poison Center

Other Access/Availability Concerns PriceBlack market  Alive & well in states with legal pot  Undercut price to keep market share  Legalization likely will increase demand 44

MediaMessages 45

Say “high” to Buddie, Responsible Ohio’s Mascot 46

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California “medical” shops 51

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Girl Scout Cookie Marijuana for Depression, PTSD, Bipolar 53

88 strains for depression 25 for PTSD 40 for ADD/ADHD 23 for Bipolar No dosage, duration No screening No instruction for FDA approved meds or counseling Ads in Denver Post & Leafly 54

Commercialization: Medical Cotton Candy 55

Commercialization 56

Commercialization: Free Joint Friday for Females (for medical purposes) 57

Commercialization 58

Commercialization: Pharmacists vs. “Budtenders” 59

Policy&Enforcement 60

If Ohio legalizes... Think of all the policies & regulations that will be needed Consider alcohol and tobacco regulation and enforcement Combatting commercialization will require: Increased prevention and education Increased policy Increased enforcement CONSTITIONAL AMENDMENTS CAN ONLY BE CHANGED BY CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS! 61

What about... ? Product standards for health & safety Potency limits Marketing/Promotion  Appeals to youth  Packaging  Signage  Advertising Public use limits (if not limited in proposal) 62

What about... ? Outlet density Days/hours of sale Outlet regulations re: physical design  Security  Lighting  Etc. Responsible Sales Training Disposal of unsold product 63

What about... ? Law enforcement training to detect under the influence Workplace protections Marijuana tourism Community events/festivals  Competitions at Colorado’s state & local fairs Child protection and implications to “drug endangered children” laws 64

What about... ? Environmental impacts  Mold mitigation  Water discharge  Water diversion  Soil erosion  Odor 65

Will regulation be sufficient? Alcohol control systems nationwide are weakening due to commercial interests 66 Some food for thought....

But what about... ? 67 All those people in jail?! The tax revenues?!

Ohio’s Incarceration Statistics for Marijuana <1% of individuals are in a state or federal prison for marijuana charges (Ohio = 42 people) You have to be in possession of over 3.5 oz to get arrested (= 210 joints!) You can have up to 7 oz and it’s still a misdemeanor Among federal prisoners:  51% had a drug offense as most serious crime  99.8% of those sentenced for drug offenses were incarcerated for drug trafficking 68 Source: Federal Justice Statistics 2009-Statistical Tables; U.S. Department of Justice (Rev. Jan. 26, 2012) from

Marijuana Tax Revenue? Colorado’s Governor’s Office prior to implementation - estimated $100 million in taxes  2014 total = only about $53 million 69

Colorado & Washington: Low Return on Tax Income 70 1.Black market cheaper 40% still sold on black market in Colorado 2.Medical marijuana cheaper Excess sold illegally Rise in “patients” 3.Can grow own 4.Lawmakers too optimistic CNN Money, accessed September 4, 2014 at

Tax Revenue: Cost/benefit Alcohol  2007 federal tax revenue:$9 billion  2007 state tax revenue: $5.5 billion  2007 social costs of alcohol:$185 billion Tobacco  Annual tax revenue:$25 billion  Annual social costs of tobacco:$200 billion 71 Source: Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids, see “Smoking--‐caused costs,” on p.2.

Increased access = increased use Decreased perception of risk = increased use Increase use = increased prevalence of consequences related to that use 72 What can we learn from other states?

Proposed changes to marijuana policies impact: Public health Public safety Our youth Businesses Law enforcement Healthcare 73

Implications & Concerns For Montgomery County 74

Advocacy & Education Resources 75

Resources  Fact sheets  Marijuana Quiz Power Point  Sign up to receive The Blunt Truth Newsletter” 76

Drug Free Action Alliance 77

78 Drug Free Action Alliance

79 Drug Free Action Alliance

SAM: SMART Approaches to Marijuana 80

Rocky Mountain HIDTA Report 81

How can you help to... ? 82