Chapter 17 – Between the Wars in Europe

17-1 Uneasiness In Europe 19 th Century dreams of Nationalism 19 th Century dreams of Nationalism New boundaries for Europe New boundaries for Europe Border disputes and controversy Border disputes and controversy Mainly Germany.... Mainly Germany....

The League of Nations Why couldn’t the League keep peace like it was designed to do????? Why couldn’t the League keep peace like it was designed to do????? The United States never joins the League of Nations The United States never joins the League of Nations President Wilson wants to, but the Senate refuses. (would not approve the Treaty of Versailles) President Wilson wants to, but the Senate refuses. (would not approve the Treaty of Versailles) Other members can never make agreements. Other members can never make agreements.

France Wants to enforce the Treaty of Versailles Wants to enforce the Treaty of Versailles Germany should pay war reparations Germany should pay war reparations Germany makes on year’s payment (1921), but cannot afford any more Germany makes on year’s payment (1921), but cannot afford any more Sends troops to the Ruhr Valley Sends troops to the Ruhr Valley They will collect the money by running the mines and factories there They will collect the money by running the mines and factories there

Germany Try to resist the French Try to resist the French Passive Resistance Passive Resistance Strikes Strikes Government prints more money to pay workers Government prints more money to pay workers This causes Inflation This causes Inflation More printed money means higher prices…. The actual value of the money decreases!!! More printed money means higher prices…. The actual value of the money decreases!!! In 1923, 4.2 trillion marks = 1 dollar In 1923, 4.2 trillion marks = 1 dollar

The Dawes Plan Named after an American Banker Named after an American Banker August of 1924 August of 1924 Allies would leave Ruhr Area Allies would leave Ruhr Area Germany’s payments would start lower and increase as they could pay more Germany’s payments would start lower and increase as they could pay more New German banks and loans from outside countries New German banks and loans from outside countries Brief prosperity….. Does not last long. Brief prosperity….. Does not last long.

Treaty of Locarno Signed by Germany and France Signed by Germany and France It guaranteed their borders with France and Belgium It guaranteed their borders with France and Belgium Headlines read “France and Germany Ban War Forever” Headlines read “France and Germany Ban War Forever” This positive outlook continues when Germany joins the League of Nations This positive outlook continues when Germany joins the League of Nations

Kellogg-Briand Pact Created by the United States and France Created by the United States and France 63 Nations agreed not to go to war again. 63 Nations agreed not to go to war again. Empty Promises Empty Promises Nobody reduced their weapons Nobody reduced their weapons Remember!!! – Germany was forced to reduce its weapons, others were not. Remember!!! – Germany was forced to reduce its weapons, others were not.

The Great Depression

Depression: Depression: A period of low economic activity and increased unemployment A period of low economic activity and increased unemployment Takes place throughout the United States and Europe in the late 1920’s and 1930’s. Takes place throughout the United States and Europe in the late 1920’s and 1930’s.

Two causes of the Depression Economic problems in various countries Economic problems in various countries Each country faced its own problems Each country faced its own problems One example is overproduction / falling prices One example is overproduction / falling prices U.S. Stock Market Crash U.S. Stock Market Crash Prosperity in Europe was built upon Loans from U.S. to Germany, and Germany’s use of those loans to pay France Prosperity in Europe was built upon Loans from U.S. to Germany, and Germany’s use of those loans to pay France

Responses to the Depression Recession Vs. Depression Recession Vs. Depression Move from Laissez Faire to increased government involvement Move from Laissez Faire to increased government involvement Marxist Predictions “Capitalism will destroy itself” Marxist Predictions “Capitalism will destroy itself” People begin to follow Dictating rulers who offer simple solutions in return for control. People begin to follow Dictating rulers who offer simple solutions in return for control.

Democracy After the War Wilson Says WWI was to “Make Europe safe for Democracy” Wilson Says WWI was to “Make Europe safe for Democracy” How do Countries try to implement this? How do Countries try to implement this?

Germany Becomes Democratic after WWI and calls its government the Weimar Republic Becomes Democratic after WWI and calls its government the Weimar Republic Had no strong political leaders, many of those elected did not support the Republic Had no strong political leaders, many of those elected did not support the Republic Inflation and economic problems blamed on the Republic…. People wanted alternate political groups Inflation and economic problems blamed on the Republic…. People wanted alternate political groups Depression makes more extreme groups seem more reasonable Depression makes more extreme groups seem more reasonable

France Had become the strongest power in Europe Had become the strongest power in Europe The Depression still caused political conflict The Depression still caused political conflict Create the Popular Front Create the Popular Front Create French New Deal Create French New Deal Collective bargaining, 40 hr workweek, 2 week paid vacation, and minimum wage Collective bargaining, 40 hr workweek, 2 week paid vacation, and minimum wage Policies help but do not actually solve any problems…. No confidence in the system Policies help but do not actually solve any problems…. No confidence in the system

Great Britain Also faces struggles because of the Depression Also faces struggles because of the Depression Labour Party falls from power because they could not deal with the problems. Labour Party falls from power because they could not deal with the problems. Conservatives take over and help to resolve issues. Conservatives take over and help to resolve issues. John Maynard Keynes – Depressions should be left to resolve themselves John Maynard Keynes – Depressions should be left to resolve themselves Said government should use deficit spending to create jobs Said government should use deficit spending to create jobs

United States Hit harder by Depression than most nations Hit harder by Depression than most nations President is Franklin Delano Roosevelt President is Franklin Delano Roosevelt New Deal: His plan to create jobs through government spending and increase employment. New Deal: His plan to create jobs through government spending and increase employment.