Migration A type of relocation diffusion

Migration  A permanent move to a new location  Geographers document WHERE people migrate to and from across the SPACE of Earth

Migration Generally  A form of mobility covering all types of movements from one place to another  Short-term daily, monthly, or annual movements occurring on a regular basis are called circulation

“Em” or “Imm”???  Emigration is migration FROM a location (Emigrants)  Immigration is migration TO a location (Immigrants)  Ex. Bob from Canada migrates to Brazil. Canada’s data shows him as an emigrant, while Brazil considers him an immigrant.  Net Migration is the difference between the # if immigrants and the # of emigrants

Net Migration  If the # of immigrants > than # of emigrants = positive net migration (region has net in-migration)  Opposite of that = negative net migration (region has net out-migration)

Let’s Discuss:  Why does true migration occur less often than circulation or other forms of movement?  How might a region be effected if it has large levels of net in-migration?  If globalization connects the world, why do people still feel the need to migrate?

Why do people Migrate?

Reasons for Migrating:  Most people migrate for economic reasons  Cultural and environmental factors exist, but not as frequently as economic  Push (centrifugal) Factors – induce people to move out of current location  Pull (centripetal) Factors – induce people to move into a new location * Both typically play a role

Let’s Discuss:  What are some economic push/pull factors?  What are some cultural push/pull factors?  What are some environmental push/pull factors?

Intervening Obstacles  Intervening Obstacle is am environmental or cultural feature that hinders migration  Past – environmental played huge role - Large bodies of water, mountains, deserts, etc. (no modern transportation) - People ended up settling short of desired location  Present – cultural plays role - Local diversity in government and politics - Need a passport to legally emigrate, and a visa to legally immigrate

Homework!!!  Compare and Contrast: 1) International v. Internal Migration 2) Interregional v. Intraregional Migration 3) Voluntary v. Forced Migration  Describe each stage of the Migration Transition (Correlates w/ Dem. Trans.) 4) Stage 1 5) Stage 2 6) Stage 3 & 4

On your own…  Characteristics of Migrants (84-85)  U.S. Immigration Patterns (86-88)

Global Migration Patterns  Asia, Latin America, and Africa have net out-migration  North America, Europe, and Oceania have net in-migration  Three largest flows currently: 1. Asia  Europe 2. Asia  North America 3. Latin America  North America

Global Patterns Continued…  Reflects importance of migration from LDCs  MDCs  U.S. has more foreign born residents than any other country (approx. 40 million in 2010), growing by 1 million annually  Australia and Canada have higher rates of net in-migration (smaller populations)  Countries with highest rates are in oil exporting countries of the Middle East - Attract workers from poorer neighboring countries to work dangerous jobs

Impact of Immigration on U.S.  18 th Century – England and Africa  19 th Century – Europe * Euro migrants declined after WWII  20 th Century – Latin America and Asia

European Pattern  The Industrial Revolution moved many European countries into Stage 2  As the populations increased economic opportunities decreased  Migration to the U.S. helped decrease the population in Europe, creating opportunities for all  Most of Europe in Stages 3 & 4 now, no need to reduce population

European Culture  65 million European emigrants worldwide  Indo-European languages spoken by half of the world  Europe’s most prevalent religion, Christianity, also the world’s largest  Euro art, music, literature, philosophy, and ethics diffused worldwide

Most European Impact  Countries sparsely populated prior to Euro migration (U.S. & Australia)  Conflict in places w/ indigenous people where Euro dominated and imposed political domination  Conflicts today in Africa and Asia a result of arbitrary boundary lines drawn while Euro colonized the area

Unauthorized Immigration to the U.S.  Unauthorized (undocumented) Immigrants – enter the U.S. illegally  2008  11.9 million mill.  adult males mill.  adult females mill.  children 4 mill. children born in U.S. to illegal parents 8.3 mill. employed (Normally constructions or service job)  59%  Mexico  22%  Elsewhere in Latin America  12%  Asia