Do Now: 7 Billion and Counting Movie Clip: Answer the following in your notebooks: 1) What is the demographic transition?

AIM: WHAT FACTORS INFLUENCE THE SIZE OF THE HUMAN POPULATION?

The Human Population Can Grow, Decline, or Remain Fairly Stable Population change – Births: fertility – Deaths: mortality – Migration Population change = (births + immigration) – (deaths + emigration) Crude birth rate: # live births/1000/year Crude death rate: # deaths/1000/year

Women Having Fewer Babies but Not Few Enough to Stabilize the World’s Population Fertility rate – number of children born to a woman during her lifetime Replacement-level fertility rate – Average number of children a couple must have to replace themselves – 2.1 in developed countries – Up to 2.5 in developing countries Total fertility rate (TFR) – Average number of children born to women in a population

Total fertility rate, Fig. 6-5, p. 130

2010 Rate of Population Increase Figure 11, Supplement 8

Figure 12, Supplement 8 Total Fertility Rate Which region of the world has the higest TFR and why?

Do you understand why the population growth rate is slow yet 7 billion people?

Case Study: The U.S. Population Is Growing Rapidly Population still growing and not leveling off – 76 million in 1900 – 310 million in 2010 Drop in TFR in U.S. – Rate of population growth has slowed Changes in lifestyle in the U.S. during the 20 th century

Life in 1900 Three leading causes of death in 1907: where pneumonia, tuberculosis, and diarrhea. 90% of US doctors had no college education 1/5 adults could not read or write only 6% graduated from HS 9,000 cars on the road Marijuana, heroine, morphine available over the counter in drug stores.

U.S. TFRs and birth rates Fig. 6-6, p. 131

Fig. 6-7, p th Century Lifestyle Changes in the U.S. Which of these changes Do you think were the Most important?

Fig. 6-7, p. 132 Life expectancy Married women working outside the home 81% 8% 77 years 47 years High school graduates 83% Homes with flush toilets 98% Homes with electricity 2% 99% 10% 15% People living in suburbs 10% 52% 1900 Hourly manufacturing job wage $ $15 Homicides per 100,000 people

Several Factors Affect Birth Rates and Fertility Rates (1) Children as part of the labor force Cost of raising and educating children Availability of private and public pension Urbanization Educational and employment opportunities for women

Several Factors Affect Birth Rates and Fertility Rates (2) Average age of a woman at birth of first child Availability of legal abortions Availability of reliable birth control methods Religious beliefs, traditions, and cultural norms

Do you understand what impacts birth rates?

Fig. 6-8, p. 132 Girl Carrying Well Water in India

Fig. 6-9, p. 133 Child Laborers in India

Several Factors Affect Death Rates (1) Life expectancy Infant mortality rate – Number of live births that die in first year Why are people living longer? – Increased food supply and distribution – Better nutrition – Medical advances – Improved sanitation

Several Factors Affect Death Rates (2) U.S. is 54 th in world for infant mortality rate U.S. infant mortality rate high due to – Inadequate health care for poor women during pregnancy and their infants – Drug addiction among pregnant women – High birth rate among teenagers

Fig. 6-10, p. 134 Infant Mortality Rates,

Figure 13, Supplement 8 Infant Mortality Rates in 2010 Which region has the highest infant mortality rate and why?

Do you understand what impacts death rates?

Migration Affects an Area’s Population Size Economic improvement Religious freedom Political freedom Wars Environmental refugees

Case Study: The United States: A Nation of Immigrants Historical role of immigration in the U.S. Legal immigration Illegal immigration Controversy over immigration policy

Fig. 6-11, p. 135 Legal Immigration to the U.S. between 1820 and 2006

Summary: Human Population Environmental Impact Movie Clip: Answer the following in your notebook: 1) How has the growth in human population altered/impacted the environment?