Population & Migration

Today’s Testing Tip On essay questions, read the directions carefully. Pay close attention to whether you are supposed to respond to all of the essay topics or only a few of them.

Today’s Objectives Explain the causes and effects of population growth. Explain key terms related to population and immigration. Analyze problems associated with population growth. Describe the impact of immigration and migration. Identify push and pull factors for immigration/migration. After today’s lesson you should be able to:

Current Populations World population is almost 7 billion U.S. population is 312 million Louisiana population is 4 ½ million

Population Growth The global population is growing rapidly and is expected to reach almost 8 billion by 2025 and 10 billion by How might this impact you?

Birth Rate & Death Rate The birth rate is the number of births per 1000 people in a single year. The death rate is the number of deaths per 1000 people in a single year. Some regions have zero population growth, meaning their birth rate and death rate are about the same. Three regions with the highest population growth are Asia, Africa, and Latin America.

Reasons for Population Growth Improved health care (antibiotics, vaccinations) Better living conditions (sanitation, shelter) Higher agricultural productivity (irrigation, pesticides, fertilizer—we produce more food per acre) Advances in technology (transportation, communication, safer products)

Population Problems to Solve What might be some challenges the world will face if the human population continues to grow at its current rate? Sufficient supply of natural resources (ex. food and water) An increase in environmental problems (ex. pollution and global warming) Using up (depleting) natural resources that cannot be replenished (ex. oil) Land once used for agriculture may be needed for housing or other purposes Greater competition for jobs and trade

Impact of Immigration In addition to birth rates causing a population to grow, immigration can also cause a rise in the population. Immigration occurs when people move to a new country and settle there permanently. There are approximately 40 million first-generation immigrants currently living in U.S.

The U.S. accepts more legal immigrants as permanent residents than all other countries in the world combined. (Keep in mind that we or our ancestors were all immigrants at one time.) Having a diverse population is considered a source of strength for our nation. With diversity comes a wide range of ideas, talents, skills and experiences, all of which help to make us one of the most innovative and successful nations in the world. IMMIGRATION

Why Immigrate to America? It is the land of opportunity. What opportunities? A democratic government which protects the rights of all citizens. Economic opportunities available to all Excellent health care system Outstanding education system (free public education for all

Migration Migration occurs when a group of people move from region or country to another. Migration occurs for a number of reasons. Since the dawn of human evolution, humans have migrated across continents in search of food, shelter, safety, and a hospitable climate.

People still move for the reasons previously named, but new reasons for human migration have emerged, including job relocation, military conflict, and overpopulation. Modern Day Migration

Push Factors and Pull Factors All reasons for migration or immigration can be classified as either a push factor or a pull factor. A push factor involves a force which drives people away from a place. (ex. war) A pull factor involves a force which draws them to a new location. (ex. jobs)

As you watch this video clip, try to determine whether this migration was the result of a push factor or a pull factor.

Push FactorsPull Factors War or political conflict (ex. Early Germanic tribes, Turks, Goths, etc. during Middle Ages) Availability of natural resources (ex. Mesopotamia and Nile River Valley) Natural disasters (ex. Following Hurricane Katrina) Trade Climate Changes (ex. Ice AgeEmployment opportunities (ex. for either jobs or wages) Land that is no longer fertile (ex. Dust Bowl during the Great Depression) Fertile land (ex. pioneers settling in the Great Plains of the U.S.) Social Conflicts (ex. Former slaves migrating north after the Civil War to escape Jim Crow laws) Freedom (ex. early colonists seeking freedom of religion) Examples of Push and Pull Factors

Effects of Migration/Immigration Cultural diffusion – spreading of one culture into another Cultural adaptation – giving up one’s cultural practices and adopting the cultural practices of another (ex. language, dress, diet) Competition for jobs – more workers competing for jobs; can cause wages to go down (law of supply and demand) Ethnic conflict (between native group and émigrés)

Population Density: the number of people living on a square mile of land. A large area of land with few people is said to be sparsely populated. A small area of land with many people is said to be densely populated. Density is determined by dividing the total population of a region by its total land area.

Which regions are densely populated? Which regions are sparsely populated?

Population distribution is another term for settlement pattern. Larger settlements of people are found where the soil is fertile, where water is available, and where the climate is not extreme or harsh. Europe and Asia are the most densely populated regions of the world. 60% of the world’s population lives in Asia.

Populations are also dense around urban areas (cities). Reasons for this include: Employment Housing Access to services (ex. hospitals, schools, entertainment)

Ready for a review of today’s lesson? Challenge yourself to get all of the answers right. Population

What is the approximate population of the world? A) 7 million B) 70 million C) 7 billion D) 70 billion

What is the approximate population of the United States? A) 3 million B) 30 million C) 300 million D) 3 billion

Most of the immigrants in America today have ancestors who came from which continent? A) Asia B) Africa C) Latin America D) Europe

According to one of the video clips, what is a reason for migration that all immigrants share in common? A) Looking for a job B) Seeking a better education C) Escape from war D) Hope for a better life

What term is used to describe the movement of a group of people from one region to another? A) migration B) immigration C) population distribution D) population shift

Which statement best describes a pattern of population in California? A)All of California is densely populated. B)California’s most densely populated area is in the north. C)All of California is sparsely populated. D) California has densely populated areas near the coast.

What term is used to describe a country’s population when the country is large in area but has a small population? A) scant B) slight C) sparse D) scarce

Which of the following is an example of a push factor for migration? A)War B)Trade C)Freedom D)Land

Which of the following is an example of a pull factor for migration? A)Natural disaster B)Climate change C)Infertile land D)Employment

Population density is calculated by using which of the following math formulas? A) Population ÷ Area B) Area ÷ Population C) # Natives ÷ # Immigrants D) # Immigrants ÷ # Natives

Which of the following regions of the world is most densely population? A) North America B) Africa C) South America D) Europe

Six out of every ten people in the world live in which of the following regions? A) Africa B) United States C) Europe D) Asia

There are many Mexican restaurants in our area, such as Trejos, Nicky’s, and Pepe’s. Which term best describes this phenomonon? A) Cultural addition B) Cultural diffusion C) Cultural climate D) Cultural adaptation

Why does employment cause population to be larger in an urban area than a rural area? Urban areas have more factories, shopping malls, offices, and small businesses than rural areas. Therefore, there are more jobs available in urban areas. People looking for work are more apt to live near where they work because of the availability of transportation and a shorter commute to their job.

The population density of New York City is approximately 26,000 people per square mile, compared to just 1400 people per square mile in Bossier City. Housing is often a pull factor for urban areas. To accommodate their dense population, how would housing be different in New York City compared to Bossier City? Because there is no room to spread out and build subdivisions in such a small area, New York City built “up.” Many people living in large urban areas, like New York City, live in high rise apartment buildings, some of which are stories high and house families in a single building.

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