Salman al-bahlal and ‘umar siddiqui عمر

In the mid-1800s europeans had colonies along much of the African coastline 1 Some of the reasons for these colonies were with the Industrial Revolution occurring, many europeans wanted more supplies and cheap labor 1 europeans would sometimes get into violent conflicts in the competition for these things 1 To try and control such things, the Berlin Conference was held from 1884 to 1885 with german chancellor Otto von Bismark 1

The Berlin Conference basically advertised control of slave trade, however it did not really turn out so 1 It ended up being a deal between Europe about where individual states would set up colonies in Africa 1 States that took most land were: Britain—places along Nile river, southern Africa, Nigeria, and more 1 France—much of western and central Africa, Gabon, Madagascar, and French Somaliland 1 Belgium—Congo 1 Portugal—Mozambique and Angola 1 Germany—parts of west, east, and Southwest Africa 1 Italy—parts of north and east Africa 1

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Zulu in southern Africa rallied about 7,000 people to rebel against British. Zulus managed to take down British at one point, but they were later beaten and their resistance stopped. 3 In the Maji Maji Rebellion some Africans in German-claimed territory revolted thinking that a water mixture they were given would protect them from bullets. They also were stopped. 4

Europeans seemed to disregard tribal tensions. When European states claimed territory they were concerned for their own gains in reaping resources and taking over more land. One European state would colonize a place and group peoples with tension together and sometimes even pick one over another. An example of this is when Belgium colonized Rwanda, there were two groups, Hutus and Tutsis. Belgians favored Tutsis over Hutus, and when the Belgians left, there was a massive genocide of Tutsis by Hutus. 5 African economies were essentially taken over. The resources in Africa were taken by Europeans and used for their gains, while many Africans were forced to work with harsh and unfair conditions. Many places in Africa still have trouble with trade nowadays. 5

Some European languages are still spoken in Africa, such as French in Morocco and English in South Africa Christianity was spread to many Africans sign in french in morocco 6

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