U N I V E R S I T Y O F W A S H I N G T O N S C H O O L O F N U R S I N G U N I V E R S I T Y O F W A S H I N G T O N DEPARTMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES GEOS-CHEM at the University of Washington Lyatt Jaeglé, Qing Liang, Linda Steinberger, Sarah Strode, Ricky Sinha  Long-range transport of CO and O 3 to the NE Pacific  Biomass burning in Africa: GOME and SAFARI 2000  Global modeling of the mercury cycle  Interactive display of GEOS-CHEM results on the web

Long-range transport of CO and O 3 to the NE Pacific Qing Liang Collaborators: Dan Jaffe and his group at UW Bothell  Model evaluation with PHOBEA observations in NE Pacific:  Spring 1997, 1998, 2001, 2002: CO, O 3 [NMHC, NO x, PAN, Rn]  Full seasonal cycle Mar 2001-June 2002: CO, O 3  Applications:  Origin of CO and O 3 in NE Pacific: long-range transport from Asia  Seasonal and interannual variability in long-range transport  GEOS-CHEM forecasts: ITCT2K2 and PHOBEA-II during spring 2002 Duchess aircraft Cheeka Peak Observatory

Origin of CO and O 3 at Cheeka Peak: Spring 2002 CO O3O3O3O3 Very good agreement: Model captures background levels and day-to-day variability in CO Model underestimates O 3 levels by 7 ppbv and poor correlation Obs: 149 ppbv; Model: 153 ppbv; r 2 = 0.68Obs: 43 ppbv; Model: 36 ppbv; r 2 = 0.27 Asia Europe Stratosphere Asia North America Model Observations

Vertical profiles above CPO during spring Duchess aircraft flights Model Observations CO profilesO 3 profiles  Very good agreement for CO  BUT for ozone negative bias near surface and positive bias aloft: Strat-trop exchange? N 2 O 5 hydrolysis (Temp. dependent)? NO x emissions?

Seasonal variations of CO in 2001 at CPO spring 2002 winterfallsummer spring 2001 Asia North America spring 2002

Biomass burning in Africa: SAFARI 2000  Model evaluation with SAFARI 2000 observations Aug-Sep 2000:  UW Convair 580: CO, O 3, SO 2, NMHCs  Ozonesondes [Thompson et al., 2000]  Improve biomass burning, fossil fuel, and biogenic emission inventories  Applications:  Origin of haze over Africa  Export of biomass burning and anthropogenic emissions through the river of smoke (Indian Ocean) vs. to the Atlantic Ricky Sinha, Peter Hobbs UW CONVAIR 580 Timbavati fire P. Hobbs

O 3 GEOS-CHEM Longitude Obs: 60 ppbv; Model: 44 ppbv; r = 0.72 O 3 UW Convair 580 Biomass burning over Botswana and Zambia Longitude Clean marine air over Namibia + Mozambique coasts UW Convair 580 flight tracks and O 3

Longitude SHADOZ ozonesondes during SAFARI2k Lusaka, Zambia Model Observations Irene, South Africa SAFARI 2K ozonesondes: Thompson et al. [2002] Model Observations

SAFARI’s river of smoke GEOS-CHEM CO September TOMS Aerosol Index Eck et al., 2003

Using satellite observations to constrain biomass burning emissions in Africa: GOME Linda Steinberger Collaborators: Randall Martin, Kelly Chance, Paul Palmer GEOS-CHEM GOME NO 2, HCHO columns Other satellites: Fires/burned areas (SPOT, ATSR) Aerosol optical depth (MODIS) MOPITT CO Plume studies Aug-Sep 2000

NO 2 columns in Aug. 2000: GOME & GEOS-CHEM GOME NO 2 GEOS-CHEM NO 2 Burned Area (SPOT-VGT) Global Burned Area 2000 Project [Silva et al., 2003] ATSR Fire counts Spatial distribution of fires [ Duncan et al., 2002] cm Tg N0.41 Tg N

NO 2 & HCHO columns in August 2000 GOME NO 2 GEOS-CHEM NO 2 GOME HCHOGEOS-CHEM HCHO cm cm -2  Isoprene emissions in GEOS-CHEM too large?  Biomass burning VOC in GEOS-CHEM too small?

West to East progression in biomass burning during the dry season GOME NO 2 Burned areaGOME HCHO Jul ‘00 Aug ‘00 Sep ‘ cm cm -2

NO x emissions over Africa: July-February Northern Africa (0-30ºN)Southern Africa (0-20ºS) Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb GOME GEOS-CHEM

GEOS-CHEM Mercury simulation Sarah Strode, Igor Kamenkovich (JISAO) Collaborators: Noelle Eckley, Rokjin Park, Daniel Jacob  Model development:  Ocean mercury module  Biomass burning emissions  Model evaluation:  Surface observations networks (Canada, US, Europe)  Remote sites (Cheeka Peak Observatory) + cruises + vertical profiles  Applications:  Role ocean in the mercury cycle  Long-range transport of mercury from Asia  Evolution of mercury since pre- industrial times

Development of a GEOS-CHEM ocean mercury module  Implement air-sea exchange of mercury using temperature and wind- dependent transfer velocities  Couple GEOS-CHEM with a mixed-layer ocean model: wind-driven advection of Hg 0 /Hg 2+  Implement oxidation of Hg 2+ to Hg 0 in surface waters (photoch./biol.)  Investigate rapid oxidation of Hg 0 in marine boundary layer  For longer timescale simulations, use a 3-D ocean GCM (MOM 2) Hg o Hg 2+ Hg p Particle removal Hg 2+ Hg o Net evasion Marine boundary layer Upper ocean Free troposphere Wet & dry deposition ? ?

An interactive web interface to display GEOS- CHEM results:  Web interface using ION (IDL On the Net) to access GAMAP and plot GEOS- CHEM fields  Interactive creation of maps, zonal means, and animations  Monthly mean fields from O x -NO x -NMHC simulations: 4°x5° ( ) and 2°x2.5° (1997)

ITCT2K2 Automatic Processing System (IAPS) interactive web interface  GEOS-CHEM 5-day CO forecasts transferred from Harvard to UW  Interactive creation of maps, vertical profiles, timeseries, and animations from the forecast output  Successful use in the field for flight planning