The Public Voice in Emerging Market Economies Dubai, 2001 “Access and Equity” Tracy Cohen LINK Centre – Wits University, Johannesburg.

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Presentation transcript:

The Public Voice in Emerging Market Economies Dubai, 2001 “Access and Equity” Tracy Cohen LINK Centre – Wits University, Johannesburg Centre for Innovation Law and Policy, University of Toronto

The Public Voice in Emerging Market Economies Defining disparities Obstacles to access Initiatives Progress

Defining Disparities: Teledensity Source: and AISI Connect National ICT Profile Africa (est.) 13% world pop. – 2% of its phones. 780 m people - 14 m phone lines Teledensity = 2.44 South Africa Universal Service = 42% (h/h) Universal Access = 80% (h/h) Teledensity = 10-13% Churn= 50-70%

Defining Disparities: Internet Markets Source: The 4 th South African Internet Services Survey, UNDP World Development Report, 1999 and NUA Internet Services, March SOUTH AFRICA Ranked : 112 ISPs: subs 1999: 6% h/h with Internet 2003: 10.5% h/h likely to have Internet 2005: 8.4 million users (Projected) User Profile WORLD (est) 337 m users worldwide: 137 m in N. America Africa: less than 1% 1 in 3 : US 1 in 35 : World 1 in 65 : SA 1 in 125 : Latin America 1 in 250 : Africa

Defining Disparities: Internet in Africa Source: Mike Jensen; AISI Connect National ICT Profile The Digital Divide and World Bank Group, May 2000http://www2.sn.apc.org/africa 1996: 11 countries had access 2000: 54 countries have access Largely confined to Capitals 1 – 3 m dial up 140 lists/Usenet 120 newspapers and magazines 2 news agencies (IPS/PANA) 2 web search engines and % content (excl. SA)

Defining Disparities: Internet Costs Source: AISI Connect National ICT Profile Av. = 50 – 60 USD/month SA: Line Rental: R55.58 pm (7.5 USD) Dial-up Subscription R /pm (9-20 USD) Call costs R 384 pm (50 USD) USE: R – 67 USD (Av.) HDSL: Less than 200 USD/month Access Costs

Obstacles to Internet access and e-commerce Affordability Literacy and awareness Market structure and liberalization Regulation Failure to co-ordinate policy Language and content Terminology

Initiatives Domestic Telecentres (50) Vodacom Phone shops (76) Multi-purpose community centres Governmental Projects (15+) GCIS multi-purpose community centres (3) Regional (12) UNECA Sub-Regional (6) SADC International (18) UNDP/UNESCO National/Local (33) USAID/DFID/CIDA Private Sector (25) Mellon/Rockefeller/Isoc

SA Telecentres Source: CommUnity Project

Progress Access as gatekeeper Training Policy co-ordination ‘Sensemaking’ and goal-setting Independent regulation Charting and linking overall development Dot Force