1 Geometry Measurement

2 Gauge

3 Cluster Camera Sensor

4

5

6 Light Sectioning

7 Laser/Camera Rail Sensor

8 Light Sectioning

9 Image Processor

10 Calibration Target

11 Calibration Image

12 Geometry Measurement from Profiles

13 Curvature

14 Superelevation

15 Simple Superelevation

16 Not So Simple Superelevation

17 Fully Compensated Superelevation

18 Twist

19 Chord Based Top

20 Chord Based Top Problems Car body is the cord – body flex Distorts track signature Requires six rail sensor Cannot see certain faults

21 Periodic Faults

22 Space Curve Top

23 Top - TrackLine

24 Top – LR3K & UGMS

25 Top Filtering – Why?

26 Top Filtering Filtering limits response of long track features Solves the problem of signal noise

27 Top Filtering Low speed track – short filters (10 – 30m) High speed track – long filters (50 – 120m) Butterworth, Bessel ? Linear phase response, sharper cutoff Your mileage may vary

28 Simple Alignment

29 Partially Compensated Alignment

30 Fully Compensated Alignment

31 Inertial Package

32 Inertial Package Electronics

33 Inertial System Block Diagram

34 Laserail VME Chassis

35 LR3K Data Flow Diagram

36 Inside of Laserail Beam

37 CP 63 GRMS Geometry Car Consist

38 Box Car

39 Unloaded Gauge

40 Tube Laser

41 CP 63 GRMS Geometry Car

42 Laserail Beam

43 CP 64 Observation Area

44 CP 64 Operators Station

45 CP 63 Geometry Car Interior

46 Inertial Package Mounting Detail

47 Geometry Strip Chart

48 Equipment Requirements Reliability Reliability –High Reliability to achieve frequency of test No moving parts Withstands extreme shock Custom designed lasers / MTBF of 10,000 hours Hardened CCD cameras Complete recording season without corrective maintenance

49 Laserail Camera on bogie

50 Locomotive Installation

51 Location Information

52 GPS –Low cost GPS receiver Accurate location information No differential GPS Determine switches and track features Accurate calibration of the tachometer Location Information GPS

53 Location Information Switch Detectors Switch Detectors –Determine the location of frogs in switches One detector on each rail Repeatable markers Switch direction indicated by Geometry

54 Location Information Tachometer Tachometer –Axle mount tachometer Calibrated in real-time