B IOMETRIC STANDARDS A N OVERVIEW OF BIOMETRICS AND IDENTITY MANAGEMENT Supervisor : Ahmed Abu Mosameh Prepared by samaher el nbahen UNIVERSITY OF PALESTINE 1

T HE NEED TO IDENTIFY Every day we are required to identify ourselves Using a bank card with a PIN at a cash machine A password to log on to a computer Using a key to open a door Punching a code into a keypad to enter the workplace Using passwords on the Internet Providing a passport and driving licence as proof of identity We need to be able to accurately IDENTIFY an individual to minimize current issues and threats UNIVERSITY OF PALESTINE 2

C URRENT ATTRIBUTES USED TO IDENTIFY UNIVERSITY OF PALESTINE Name Address Postcode Date of Birth Account no. Passwords PINs Phone no. Mother’s maiden name Passport Birth certificate Driving licence Credit cards Utility bills Membership cards Salary slip 3

I S BIOMETRICS THE ANSWER ? A biometric is part of the person and is not easily compromised through: Theft Collusion Loss Simplifies user management resulting in cost savings Users do not need to remember passwords Users do not need to remember PINs User accounts cannot be shared Easy to use UNIVERSITY OF PALESTINE 4

B IOMETRIC DEFINITION The automated recognition of individuals based on their behavioural and biological characteristics The general meaning of biometrics encompasses counting, measuring and statistical analysis of any kind of data in the biological sciences including the relevant medical sciences The term is derived from the Greek words “bios” meaning life and “metron” meaning measure UNIVERSITY OF PALESTINE 5

B IOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIOURAL Biological Fingerprint Face (2D & 3D) Iris Vein pattern Hand geometry DNA UNIVERSITY OF PALESTINE Behavioural  Signature  Gait  Voice  Keystroke dynamics

I RIS Captures the pattern of flecks on the iris Uses conventional cameras Average 2 seconds for identification No physical contact between user and reader UNIVERSITY OF PALESTINE 7

F ACE Based upon the geometric shape and position of features of the face Resistant to changes in skin tone, facial hair, hair style, and eyeglasses No active user involvement required in order to perform identification/verification Limited success in practical applications UNIVERSITY OF PALESTINE 8

V OICE Analyses voice patterns and characteristics of speech e.g. pitch, tone, etc. High user acceptance – perceived as least intrusive biometric technology Easy for end users to implement Ideal for telephone systems/mobile environments UNIVERSITY OF PALESTINE 9

H AND GEOMETRY Measures the physical characteristics of the user’s hand and fingers Low level infrared light and camera used to capture an image Suited to applications where there is a large user base or users access the system infrequently Systems are easy to use and robust UNIVERSITY OF PALESTINE 10

S IGNATURE Based on analysis of the dynamics of a handwritten signature e.g. shape, speed, stroke order, pen pressure Generally use pressure sensitive tablets or wired pens User friendly Non intrusive – minimal public acceptance issues Captured signature can be used for digitally signing documents UNIVERSITY OF PALESTINE 11

K EYSTROKE DYNAMICS Monitors rate of typing and intervals between letters Verification based on typing rhythm – intruders may guess password but fail to key in with correct rhythm Neither enrolment nor verification disturbs the regular flow of work Low cost – only hardware required is keyboard UNIVERSITY OF PALESTINE 12

F INGERPRINT Variety of fingerprint devices available (silicon and optical) Template constructed by analysing patterns that make the fingerprint (minutiae) UNIVERSITY OF PALESTINE 13

DNA Forensic genetics use deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) profiling in a number of important human identity applications 0.01% of a person's entire genome is unique to each individual This represents 3 million base pairs of DNA 95% of the human genome are non-coding sequences (called junk DNA) Standard profiling systems only exploit the junk DNA to maintain the privacy and civil rights of the donor UNIVERSITY OF PALESTINE 14