DECONTAMINATION AND INFECTION CONTROL Chapter 5 DECONTAMINATION AND INFECTION CONTROL

Principles of Prevention Proper care must be taken to meet rigorous health standards in order to prevent the spread of diseases. Our clients depend upon us to ensure their safety

Principles of Prevention Contamination Pollution, soiled with infectious matter Contaminate To make impure by contact; to taint or pollute Contaminant Any substance that causes contamination

Decontamination levels The act of removing pathogens and other substances from tools or surfaces Sterilization Disinfection Sanitation Only sanitation & disinfection are required in the salon

Disinfection Disinfection controls microorganisms on nonporous surfaces such as instruments or implements Higher level of decontamination than sanitation Second only to sterilization Does not kill bacterial spores NOT for use on human skin, hair, nails

Definition Sterilization Process of making objects germ free Highest level of decontamination Destroys every organism on surface whether beneficial or harmful Kills bacterial spores Most resistant form of life on earth

Sterilization Steam autoclave – Now required by TDLR in schools and nail salons Most popular & preferred method due to proven history Works like a pressure cooker Steam injection Temperature is raised above that of boiling water Will eventually kill all living organisms, including bacterial spores

Sterilization Dry heat Works like an oven Objects are baked until all forms of life are dead IMPORTANT POINT: Don’t use the word “sterilize” incorrectly. You can only sterilize nonporous surfaces, such as metal implements-you cannot sterilize the skin or nails. Sterilization is impractical and unnecessary in salons.

Definition Sanitation Sanitation & sterilization is governed by: Measures taken to prevent the spread of infection Sanitation & sterilization is governed by: Texas Department of Licensing & Regulations Health Department

Antiseptics May kill or retard the growth of bacteria Mild solution that is safe on skin Boric acid- 2 to 5% to clean eyes Iodine- 2% used for cuts & abrasions Hydrogen peroxide- 3-5% for cleaning cuts Ethyl or grain alcohol-30%-60% solution-clean hands Formalin- 5% solution-clean tools Soap & water- used on hands and equipment before applying any of the above

EPA Environmental Protection Agency Disinfectants must be approved by the EPA in your state Label must contain EPA registration number Label lists organisms the product has been tested for Label gives directions for use Label lists safety precautions Label lists active ingredients

OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration Created as part of U.S. Department of Labor to enforce safety and health standards in the workplace Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 established the Hazard Communication Rule, which requires manufactures to assess hazards associated with their products

MSDS Material Safety Data Sheets Provide pertinent information Product content Associated hazards Combustion levels Storage requirements OSHA standards are important to cosmetology because of nature of chemicals used; mixing, storing, and disposal of chemicals; general safety, and our rights to know what we are working with

Choosing a disinfectant Disinfectants are chemicals Read and follow directions Correct Means effectiveness to be used against bacteria, fungi, and viruses Hospital Level Disinfectant

Disinfectants Destroys bacteria Strong solution can be harmful to skin Ethyl or grain alcohol 70 to 95% to sterilize implements such as manicuring tools Quaternary ammonium compounds Nontoxic, ordorless, fast-acting Formalin 37%-40% for implements, 10% for combs and brushes Household disinfectants Cresol (Lysol), Pine-sol, Clorox ( sodium hypochlorite ) Phenols ( phenolic disinfectants ) Caustic poison, avoid skin contact

Wet and dry sanitizers Wet sanitizer Dry sanitizer Covered receptacle large enough to hold/immerse implements in a disinfectant solution, such as Bio-tech, or Barbicide Dry sanitizer also called a cabinet sanitizer, airtight cabinet or drawer to store sanitized implements