ACCOUNTING FOR PARTNERSHIPS Accounting Principles, Eighth Edition CHAPTER 12 ACCOUNTING FOR PARTNERSHIPS Accounting Principles, Eighth Edition

Accounting for Partnerships Partnership Form of Organization Basic Partnership Accounting Liquidation of a Partnership Characteristics Organizations with partnership characteristics Advantages / disadvantages Partnership agreement Forming a partnership Dividing net income / loss Financial statements No capital deficiency Capital deficiency Service Cost - Actuaries compute service cost as the present value of the new benefits earned by employees during the year. Future salary levels considered in calculation. Interest on Liability - Interest accrues each year on the PBO just as it does on any discounted debt. Actual Return on Plan Assets - Increase in pension funds from interest, dividends, and realized and unrealized changes in the fair market value of the plan assets. Amortization of Unrecognized Prior Service Cost - The cost of providing retroactive benefits is allocated to pension expense in the future, specifically to the remaining service-years of the affected employees. Gain or Loss - Volatility in pension expense can be caused by sudden and large changes in the market value of plan assets and by changes in the projected benefit obligation. Two items comprise the gain or loss: difference between the actual return and the expected return on plan assets and, amortization of the unrecognized net gain or loss from previous periods

Partnership Form of Organization A partnership is an association of two or more persons to carry on as co-owners of a business for profit. Common partnerships: Small retail, service, or manufacturing companies. Accountants, lawyers, and doctors. LO 1 Identify the characteristics of the partnership form of business organization.

Characteristics of Partnerships

Characteristics of Partnerships Association of Individuals Legal entity. (i.e., property can be owned in the name of the partnership) Net income not taxed as a separate entity. Mutual Agency Act of any partner is binding on all other partners. (true even when partners act beyond the scope of their authority, so long as the act appears to be appropriate for the partnership) LO 1 Identify the characteristics of the partnership form of business organization.

Characteristics of Partnerships Limited Life Dissolution occurs whenever a partner withdraws or a new partner is admitted. Dissolution does not mean the business ends. Unlimited Liability Each partner is personally and individually liable for all partnership liabilities. if insufficient assets claims then attach to the personal resources of any partner, LO 1 Identify the characteristics of the partnership form of business organization.

Characteristics of Partnerships Co-ownership of Property Each partner has a claim on total assets. This claim does not attach to specific assets. All net income or net loss is shared equally by the partners, unless otherwise stated in the partnership agreement. LO 1 Identify the characteristics of the partnership form of business organization.

Forming a Partnership Partner’s initial investment should be recorded at the fair market value of the assets at the date of their transfer to the partnership. E12-2 Meissner, Cohen, and Hughes are forming a partnership. Meissner is transferring $50,000 of cash to the partnership. Cohen is transferring land worth $15,000 and a small building worth $80,000. Hughes transfers cash of $9,000, accounts receivable of $32,000 and equipment worth $19,000. The partnership expects to collect $29,000 of the accounts receivable. Instructions: Prepare the journal entries to record each of the partners’ investments. LO 2 Explain the accounting entries for the formation of a partnership.

Forming a Partnership E12-2 Meissner is transferring $50,000 of cash to the partnership. Prepare the entry. Cash 50,000 Meissner, Capital 50,000 Cohen is transferring land worth $15,000 and a small building worth $80,000. Prepare the entry. Land 15,000 Building 80,000 Cohen, Capital 95,000 LO 2 Explain the accounting entries for the formation of a partnership.

Forming a Partnership E12-2 Hughes transfers cash of $9,000, accounts receivable of $32,000 and equipment worth $19,000. The partnership expects to collect $29,000 of the accounts receivable. Prepare the entry. Cash 9,000 Accounts receivable 32,000 Equipment 19,000 Allowance for doubtful accounts 3,000 Hughes, Capital 57,000 LO 2 Explain the accounting entries for the formation of a partnership.

Dividing Net Income or Net Loss Partners equally share net income or net loss unless the partnership contract indicates otherwise. NOTE: The first 2 entries are the same as a proprietorship, while the last 2 entries are different because: there are 2 or more owners’ capital and drawing accounts it is necessary to divide net income or loss among the partners. LO 3 Identify the bases for dividing net income or net loss.

Dividing Net Income or Net Loss Income Ratios Partnership agreement should specify the basis for sharing net income or net loss. Typical income ratios: Fixed ratio. Ratio based on capital balances. Salaries to partners and remainder on a fixed ratio. Interest on partners’ capital balances and the remainder on a fixed ratio. Salaries to partners, interest on partners’ capital, and the remainder on a fixed ratio. ? LO 3 Identify the bases for dividing net income or net loss.

Dividing Net Income or Net Loss Exercise F. Adams and G. Penny have capital balances on January 1 of $50,000 and $40,000, respectively. The partnership income-sharing agreement provides for: annual salaries of $20,000 for Adams and $12,000 for Penny, interest at 10% on beginning capital balances, and remaining income or loss to be shared 60% by Adams and 40% by Penny. Instructions (a) Prepare a schedule showing the distribution of net income, assuming net income is (1) $55,000 and (2) $30,000. (b) Journalize the allocation of net income in each of the situations above. LO 3 Identify the bases for dividing net income or net loss.

“Scratch Paper” Adams Penny 1) Salary 2) Interest 3) Income 55k-(1+2) Exercise F. Adams and G. Penny have capital balances on January 1 of $50,000 and $40,000, respectively. The partnership income-sharing agreement provides for annual salaries of $20,000 for Adams and $12,000 for Penny, interest at 10% on beginning capital balances, and remaining income or loss to be shared 60% by Adams and 40% by Penny. Prepare a schedule showing the distribution of net income, assuming net income is (1) $55,000 and (2) $30,000. Adams Penny 1) Salary 2) Interest 3) Income 55k-(1+2)

Dividing Net Income or Net Loss Exercise Prepare a schedule showing the distribution of net income, assuming net income is (1) $55,000 and (2) $30,000. (1) LO 3 Identify the bases for dividing net income or net loss.

Dividing Net Income or Net Loss Exercise Prepare a schedule showing the distribution of net income, assuming net income is (1) $55,000 and (2) $30,000. (2) LO 3 Identify the bases for dividing net income or net loss.

Liquidation of a Partnership Ends both the legal and economic life of the entity. In liquidation, sale of noncash assets for cash is called realization. To liquidate, it is necessary to: Sell noncash assets for cash and recognize a gain or loss on realization. Allocate gain/loss on realization to the partners based on their income ratios. Pay partnership liabilities in cash. Distribute remaining cash to partners on the basis of their capital balances. LO 5 Explain the effects of the entries to record the liquidation of a partnership.

Admission of a Partner Illustration 12A-1 LO 6 Explain the effects of the entries when a new partner is admitted.

Purchase of a Partner’s Interest Assume that L. Carson agrees to pay $10,000 each to C. Ames and D. Barker for 33 1/3% of their interest in the Ames-Barker partnership. At the time of admission of Carson, each partner has a $30,000 capital balance. Both partners, therefore, give up $10,000 of their capital equity. The entry to record the admission of Carson is: C. Ames, Capital 10,000 D. Barker, Capital 10,000 L. Carson, Capital 20,000 The cash paid by Carson goes directly to the individual partners and not to the partnership. Net assets remain unchanged at $60,000. LO 6 Explain the effects of the entries when a new partner is admitted.

Investment of Assets in a Partnership Assume that L. Carson agrees to invest $30,000 in cash in the Ames-barker partnership for a 33 1/3% capital interest. At the time of admission of Carson, each partner has a $30,000 capital balance. The entry to record the admission of Carson is: Cash 30,000 L. Carson, Capital 30,000 Note that both net assets and total capital have increased by $30,000. LO 6 Explain the effects of the entries when a new partner is admitted.

Withdrawal of a Partner A partner may withdraw from a partnership voluntarily, by selling his or her equity in the firm. Or, he or she may withdraw involuntarily, by reaching mandatory retirement age or by dying. The withdrawal of a partner, like the admission of a partner, legally dissolves the partnership. LO 7 Describe the effects of the entries when a partner withdraws from the firm.

Withdrawal of a Partner Illustration 12A-6 LO 7 Describe the effects of the entries when a partner withdraws from the firm.

Payment From Partners’ Personal Assets Assume that partners Morz, Nead, and Odom have capital balances of $25,000, $15,000, and $10,000, respectively. Morz and Nead agree to buy out Odom’s interest. Each of them agrees to pay Odom $8,000 in exchange for one-half of Odom’s total interest of $10,000. The entry to record the withdrawal is: Odom, Capital 10,000 Morz, Capital 5,000 Nead, Capital 5,000 Note that net assets and total capital remain the same at $50,000. The $16,000 paid to Odom by the remaining partners isn’t recorded by the partnership. LO 7 Describe the effects of the entries when a partner withdraws from the firm.